Java 调用第三方接口方法
一、 通过JDK网络类Java.net.HttpURLConnection
1.java.net包下的原生java api提供的http请求
使用步骤:
1、通过统一资源定位器(java.net.URL)获取连接器(java.net.URLConnection)。
2、设置请求的参数。
3、发送请求。
4、以输入流的形式获取返回内容。
5、关闭输入流。
2.HttpClientUtil工具类
/**
* jdk 调用第三方接口
* @author hsq
*/publicclassHttpClientUtil2{/**
* 以post方式调用对方接口方法
* @param pathUrl
*/publicstaticStringdoPost(String pathUrl,String data){OutputStreamWriter out =null;BufferedReader br =null;String result ="";try{URL url =newURL(pathUrl);//打开和url之间的连接HttpURLConnection conn =(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();//设定请求的方法为"POST",默认是GET//post与get的不同之处在于post的参数不是放在URL字串里面,而是放在http请求的正文内。
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");//设置30秒连接超时
conn.setConnectTimeout(30000);//设置30秒读取超时
conn.setReadTimeout(30000);// 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出,因为这个是post请求,参数要放在http正文内,因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false;
conn.setDoOutput(true);// 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入,默认情况下是true;
conn.setDoInput(true);// Post请求不能使用缓存
conn.setUseCaches(false);//设置通用的请求属性
conn.setRequestProperty("accept","*/*");
conn.setRequestProperty("connection","Keep-Alive");//维持长链接
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/json;charset=utf-8");//连接,从上述url.openConnection()至此的配置必须要在connect之前完成,
conn.connect();/**
* 下面的三句代码,就是调用第三方http接口
*///获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流//此处getOutputStream会隐含的进行connect(即:如同调用上面的connect()方法,所以在开发中不调用上述的connect()也可以)。
out =newOutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8");//发送请求参数即数据
out.write(data);//flush输出流的缓冲
out.flush();/**
* 下面的代码相当于,获取调用第三方http接口后返回的结果
*///获取URLConnection对象对应的输入流InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();//构造一个字符流缓存
br =newBufferedReader(newInputStreamReader(is));String str ="";while((str = br.readLine())!=null){
result += str;}System.out.println(result);//关闭流
is.close();//断开连接,disconnect是在底层tcp socket链接空闲时才切断,如果正在被其他线程使用就不切断。
conn.disconnect();}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();}finally{try{if(out !=null){
out.close();}if(br !=null){
br.close();}}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();}}return result;}/**
* 以get方式调用对方接口方法
* @param pathUrl
*/publicstaticStringdoGet(String pathUrl){BufferedReader br =null;String result ="";try{URL url =newURL(pathUrl);//打开和url之间的连接HttpURLConnection conn =(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();//设定请求的方法为"GET",默认是GET//post与get的不同之处在于post的参数不是放在URL字串里面,而是放在http请求的正文内。
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");//设置30秒连接超时
conn.setConnectTimeout(30000);//设置30秒读取超时
conn.setReadTimeout(30000);// 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出,因为这个是post请求,参数要放在http正文内,因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false;
conn.setDoOutput(true);// 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入,默认情况下是true;
conn.setDoInput(true);// Post请求不能使用缓存(get可以不使用)
conn.setUseCaches(false);//设置通用的请求属性
conn.setRequestProperty("accept","*/*");
conn.setRequestProperty("connection","Keep-Alive");//维持长链接
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8");//连接,从上述url.openConnection()至此的配置必须要在connect之前完成,
conn.connect();/**
* 下面的代码相当于,获取调用第三方http接口后返回的结果
*///获取URLConnection对象对应的输入流InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();//构造一个字符流缓存
br =newBufferedReader(newInputStreamReader(is,"UTF-8"));String str ="";while((str = br.readLine())!=null){
result += str;}System.out.println(result);//关闭流
is.close();//断开连接,disconnect是在底层tcp socket链接空闲时才切断,如果正在被其他线程使用就不切断。
conn.disconnect();}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();}finally{try{if(br !=null){
br.close();}}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();}}return result;}}
3.第三方api接口
/**
* @author hsq
*/@RestController@RequestMapping("/api")publicclassHelloWorld{privatestaticfinalLogger log=LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class);@GetMapping("/getHello")publicResultgetHelloWord(){
log.info("进入到api接口.......");returnResult.success("hello world api get 接口数据");}@PostMapping("/postHello")publicResultpostHelloWord(@RequestBodyUser user){
log.info("进入post 方法.....");System.out.println(user.toString());returnResult.success("hello world api post接口数据");}}
4.测试类
@TestpublicvoidtestJDKApi(){//测试get方法String s =HttpClientUtil2.doGet("http://localhost:9092/api/getHello");System.out.println("get方法:"+s);//测试post方法User user =newUser();
user.setUname("胡萝卜");
user.setRole("普通用户");//把对象转换为json格式String s1 =JsonUtil.toJson(user);String postString =HttpClientUtil2.doPost("http://localhost:9092/api/postHello",s1);System.out.println("post方法:"+postString);}
结果:
二、通过Apache common封装好的HttpClient
1.引入依赖
<!--HttpClient--><dependency><groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId><artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId><version>3.1</version></dependency><!--json--><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.28</version></dependency>
2.httpClientUtil
/**
*httpClient的get请求方式
* 使用GetMethod来访问一个URL对应的网页实现步骤:
* 1.生成一个HttpClient对象并设置相应的参数;
* 2.生成一个GetMethod对象并设置响应的参数;
* 3.用HttpClient生成的对象来执行GetMethod生成的Get方法;
* 4.处理响应状态码;
* 5.若响应正常,处理HTTP响应内容;
* 6.释放连接。
* @author hsq
*/publicclassHttpClientUtil{/**
* @param url
* @param charset
* @return
*/publicstaticStringdoGet(String url,String charset){/**
* 1.生成HttpClient对象并设置参数
*/HttpClient httpClient =newHttpClient();//设置Http连接超时为5秒
httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000);/**
* 2.生成GetMethod对象并设置参数
*/GetMethod getMethod =newGetMethod(url);//设置get请求超时为5秒
getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT,5000);//设置请求重试处理,用的是默认的重试处理:请求三次
getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER,newDefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());String response ="";/**
* 3.执行HTTP GET 请求
*/try{int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);/**
* 4.判断访问的状态码
*/if(statusCode !=HttpStatus.SC_OK){System.err.println("请求出错:"+ getMethod.getStatusLine());}/**
* 5.处理HTTP响应内容
*///HTTP响应头部信息,这里简单打印Header[] headers = getMethod.getResponseHeaders();for(Header h: headers){System.out.println(h.getName()+"---------------"+ h.getValue());}//读取HTTP响应内容,这里简单打印网页内容//读取为字节数组byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();
response =newString(responseBody, charset);System.out.println("-----------response:"+ response);//读取为InputStream,在网页内容数据量大时候推荐使用//InputStream response = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();}catch(HttpException e){//发生致命的异常,可能是协议不对或者返回的内容有问题System.out.println("请检查输入的URL!");
e.printStackTrace();}catch(IOException e){//发生网络异常System.out.println("发生网络异常!");}finally{/**
* 6.释放连接
*/
getMethod.releaseConnection();}return response;}/**
* post请求
* @param url
* @param json
* @return
*/publicstaticStringdoPost(String url,JSONObject json){HttpClient httpClient =newHttpClient();PostMethod postMethod =newPostMethod(url);
postMethod.addRequestHeader("accept","*/*");
postMethod.addRequestHeader("connection","Keep-Alive");//设置json格式传送
postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/json;charset=utf-8");//必须设置下面这个Header
postMethod.addRequestHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");//添加请求参数//postMethod.addParameter("param", json.getString("param"));StringRequestEntity param =newStringRequestEntity(json.getString("param"));
postMethod.setRequestEntity(param);String res ="";try{int code = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);if(code ==200){byte[] responseBody = postMethod.getResponseBody();
res =newString(responseBody,"UTF-8");//res = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();System.out.println(res);}}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();}return res;}}
3.第三方api接口
@RestController@RequestMapping("/api")publicclassHelloWorld{privatestaticfinalLogger log=LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class);@GetMapping("/getHello")publicResultgetHelloWord(){
log.info("进入到api接口.......");returnResult.success("hello world api get 接口数据");}@PostMapping("/postHello")publicResultpostHelloWord(@RequestBodyUser user){
log.info("进入post 方法.....");System.out.println(user.toString());returnResult.success("hello world api post接口数据");}}
4.测试类
@TestpublicvoidtestApi(){//测试get方法String s =HttpClientUtil.doGet("http://localhost:9092/api/getHello","UTF-8");System.out.println("get方法:"+s);//测试post方法User user =newUser();
user.setUname("胡萝卜");
user.setRole("普通用户");JSONObject jsonObject =newJSONObject();String s1 =JsonUtil.toJson(user);
jsonObject.put("param",s1);String postString =HttpClientUtil.doPost("http://localhost:9092/api/postHello", jsonObject);System.out.println("post方法:"+postString);}
结果:
三、通过Spring的RestTemplate
1.引入依赖
导入springboot的web包
<parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version></parent><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies>
2.RestTemplate配置类
/**
* @author hsq
*/@ConfigurationpublicclassRestTemplateConfig{@BeanpublicRestTemplaterestTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory){returnnewRestTemplate(factory);}@BeanpublicClientHttpRequestFactorysimpleClientHttpRequestFactory(){SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory =newSimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
factory.setConnectTimeout(15000);
factory.setReadTimeout(5000);return factory;}}
3.RestTemplate实现类
/**
* @author hsq
*/@ComponentpublicclassRestTemplateToInterface{@AutowiredprivateRestTemplate restTemplate;/**
* 以get方式请求第三方http接口 getForEntity
* @param url
* @return
*/publicResultdoGetWith1(String url){ResponseEntity<Result> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url,Result.class);Result result = responseEntity.getBody();return result;}/**
* 以get方式请求第三方http接口 getForObject
* 返回值返回的是响应体,省去了我们再去getBody()
* @param url
* @return
*/publicResultdoGetWith2(String url){Result result = restTemplate.getForObject(url,Result.class);return result;}/**
* 以post方式请求第三方http接口 postForEntity
* @param url
* @param user
* @return
*/publicStringdoPostWith1(String url,User user){ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, user,String.class);String body = responseEntity.getBody();return body;}/**
* 以post方式请求第三方http接口 postForEntity
* 返回值返回的是响应体,省去了我们再去getBody()
* @param url
* @param user
* @return
*/publicStringdoPostWith2(String url,User user){String body = restTemplate.postForObject(url, user,String.class);return body;}/**
* exchange
* @return
*/publicStringdoExchange(String url,Integer age,String name){//header参数HttpHeaders headers =newHttpHeaders();String token ="asdfaf2322";
headers.add("authorization", token);
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);//放入body中的json参数JSONObject obj =newJSONObject();
obj.put("age", age);
obj.put("name", name);//组装HttpEntity<JSONObject> request =newHttpEntity<>(obj, headers);ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url,HttpMethod.POST, request,String.class);String body = responseEntity.getBody();return body;}}
4.第三方api接口
/**
* @author hsq
*/@RestController@RequestMapping("/api")publicclassHelloWorld{privatestaticfinalLogger log=LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class);@GetMapping("/getHello")publicResultgetHelloWord(){
log.info("进入到api接口.......");returnResult.success("hello world api get 接口数据");}@PostMapping("/postHello")publicResultpostHelloWord(@RequestBodyUser user){
log.info("进入post 方法.....");System.out.println(user.toString());returnResult.success("hello world api post接口数据");}}
5.测试类
//注入使用@AutowiredprivateRestTemplateToInterface restTemplateToInterface;@TestpublicvoidtestSpringBootApi(){Result result= restTemplateToInterface.doGetWith1("http://localhost:9092/api/getHello");System.out.println("get结果:"+result);User user =newUser();
user.setUname("胡萝卜");
user.setRole("普通用户");String s = restTemplateToInterface.doPostWith1("http://localhost:9092/api/postHello", user);System.out.println("post结果:"+s);}
结果:
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