myos1 大学生利用C++构建一个完整的操作系统打印helloworld
myos2 大学生利用C++构建一个完整的操作系统之响应键盘中断
myos3 大学生利用C++构建一个完整的操作系统之代码重构并实现键盘打字和鼠标移动
1. 按键中断
计算机自制操作系统（十六）：中断—键盘驱动 - 知乎 (zhihu.com)
在中断
IDT
中
256
个中断源产生的中断在IDT表中注册时, 全部指向了同一个中断服务程序
class InterruptHandler
, 其实是不准确的, 因为并没有建立各自中断号和中断服务程序之间的一一对应关系, 所以接下来利用按键中断进行演示, 展示通过按键类继承中断服务器程序来实现按键的实际中断操作;
// keyboard.h
class KeyBoardDriver: public InterruptHandler { // 这里面继承中断服务程序, 在键盘初始化时
public:
KeyBoardDriver(InterruptManager *manager);
~KeyBoardDriver();
virtual uint32_t HandleInterrupt(uint32_t esp); // 继承与中断管理器中的中断处理方法
private:
Port8Bit dataport; // 数据端口
Port8Bit commandport; // 命令端口
};
1.1 键盘中断的初始化
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中断控制器8259
CPU
键盘按键(8048芯片)
8042芯片
键盘中断的具体流程就是当我们点击键盘时, 键盘上面的芯片8048会把键盘扫描码发送给主板上的8042, 而8042是按照字节码处理数据, 并存储到
输出缓冲区
, 然后8042会给中断代理 8059A发送中断信号, 这样中断控制器通过读取8042的输出缓冲区寄存器, 获得键盘的扫描码; 总的来讲, 操作系统其实是在对8042这个芯片进行数据的操作(读写)来识别中断的
动手写操作系统9----键盘&鼠标中断实现_大魔王-CSDN博客
键盘中断通过主8259A的IRQ1触发, 而CPU通过中断向量号来寻址待执行的中断代码
中
断
向
量
号
=
起
始
向
量
号
+
中
断
请
求
号
中断向量号 = 起始向量号 + 中断请求号
中断向量号=起始向量号+中断请求号 即
H
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
I
n
t
e
r
r
u
p
t
O
f
f
s
e
t
+
0
x
01
HardwareInterruptOffset+0x01
HardwareInterruptOffset+0x01
如此相当于在中断描述符表中注册了键盘中断对应的向量, 然后在重写中断处理函数
HandleInterrupt
就能实现按键中断
剩下的端口定义以及对端口的读写, 见i8042 键盘控制器-------详细介绍 - LinKArftc - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)
同时还需要有一个知识点 电脑键盘的通码与断码 :
类型:通码(make code)和断码(break code)。
- 当一个键被按下或持续按住时，键盘会将该键的通码发送给主机;
- 而当一个键被释放时，键盘会将该键的断码发送给主机。
根据键盘按键扫描码的不同，在此可将按键分为如下几类:
- 第一类按键，通码为1字节, 断码为 0 x F 0 + 通 码 形 式 0xF0+通码形式 0xF0+通码形式。如A键，其通码为 0 x 1 C 0x1C 0x1C，断码为 0 x F 0 , 0 x 1 C 0xF0, 0x1C 0xF0,0x1C
- 第二类按键，通码为2字节,$ 0xE0 + 0xNN$形式，断码为 0 x E 0 + 0 x F 0 + 0 x N N 0xE0+0xF0+0xNN 0xE0+0xF0+0xNN形式。如
right ctrl键，其通码为 0 x E 00 x 14 0xE0 0x14 0xE00x14，断码为 0 x E 00 x F 00 x 14 0xE0 0xF0 0x14 0xE00xF00x14, - 第三类特殊按键有两个，
print screen键通码为 0 x E 00 x 120 x E 00 x 7 C 0xE0 0x12 0xE0 0x7C 0xE00x120xE00x7C，断码为 0 x E 00 x F 00 x 7 C 0 x E 00 x F 00 x 12 0xE0 0xF0 0x7C 0xE0 0xF0 0x12 0xE00xF00x7C0xE00xF00x12;pause键通码为 0 x E 10 x 140 x 770 x E 10 x F 00 x 140 x F 00 x 77 0xE1 0x14 0x77 0xE1 0xF0 0x14 0xF0 0x77 0xE10x140x770xE10xF00x140xF00x77; 断码为空。
通码断码表如下：
根据上述知识点, 可以获得下面的对应端口读写来初始化键盘 :
// keyboard.cpp#include"drivers/keyboard.h"
KeyBoardDriver::KeyBoardDriver(InterruptManager* manager):InterruptHandler(0x01+ manager->HardwareInterruptOffset(), manager),dataport(0x60),// 这里设定键盘控制器的数据端口commandport(0x64){// 这里设定键盘控制器的命令端口while(commandport.Read()&0x01){// 清空键盘的input_buffer
dataport.Read();}
commandport.Write(0xae);// 激活键盘
commandport.Write(0x20);// 8042芯片, 要读取一个字节uint8_t status =(dataport.Read()|1)&~0x10;// 开启键盘中断
commandport.Write(0x60);// 告诉控制器, 我要开始写入了
dataport.Write(status);
dataport.Write(0xf4);printf("finish keyboard init ! \n");}
1.2 键盘中断的处理函数
这是一个简单的键盘中断的处理函数, 打印不同按键被按下和弹起后, 8042芯片所读到的字节码printf到屏幕上
// 这里会产生两次按键中断, 是因为啥呢, 是因为啥呢, 是因为按下和弹起uint32_t KeyBoardDriver::HandleInterrupt(uint32_t esp){printf("have keyboard Interrupt !!! \n");uint8_t key = dataport.Read();char* foo =(char*)"KEYBOARD 0X00 ";constchar* hex ="0123456789ABCDEF";
foo[11]= hex[(key >>4)&0x0f];
foo[12]= hex[key &0x0f];printf((constchar*)foo);printf("\n");return esp;}
1.3 结果
2. 鼠标中断
源码见我的gitee
2.1 鼠标中断初始化
其实鼠标中断和键盘中断是一样的, 都是通过对寄存器进行读写, 只不过鼠标中断的控制器在每次读写时, 还有三个字节的数据, 鼠标每一次动作都是3个字节数据，为什么是3个。想想也知道：两个坐标，一个状态;
#ifndef__MOUSE_H__#define__MOUSE_H__#include"common/types.h"#include"hardware/interrupts.h"#include"hardware/port.h"
using namespace myos;
using namespace myos::common;
using namespace myos::hardware;// 鼠标中断是IQ2
class MouseDriver: public InterruptHandler {
public:MouseDriver(InterruptManager *manager);~MouseDriver();
virtual uint32_tHandleInterrupt(uint32_t esp);// 继承与中断管理器中的中断处理方法
private:
Port8Bit dataport;// 数据端口
Port8Bit commandport;// 命令端口uint8_t buffer[3];// 每次mouse读取数据是数据流, // 两种模式: 三个字节和四个字节的包, 这里是使用的是三个字节的包// xy的信息和左右中拿个按下的信息, x移动的距离, y移动的距离// 触发一次中断, 读取一个字节uint8_t offset;// 读取的哪个字节uint8_t buttons;// 哪个按键被按下int8_t x, y;// 鼠标位置初始化};
这里面的初始化设置中间点显示白色
MouseDriver::MouseDriver(InterruptManager* manager):InterruptHandler(0x0C+ manager->HardwareInterruptOffset(), manager),dataport(0x60),// 这里设定键盘鼠标控制器的数据端口commandport(0x64),// 这里设定键盘鼠标控制器的命令端口offset(0),buttons(0),x(40),y(12){// 默认鼠标在中间uint16_t* VideoMemory =(uint16_t*)0xb8000;
VideoMemory[y *80+ x]=((VideoMemory[y *80+ x]&0xf000)>>4)|((VideoMemory[y *80+ x]&0x0f00)<<4)|(VideoMemory[y *80+ x]&0x00ff);// 让中间的点变白
commandport.Write(0xa8);
commandport.Write(0x20);uint8_t status =(dataport.Read()|2)&~0x20;// 按位设置开启鼠标
commandport.Write(0x60);// 告诉我们要些数据了
dataport.Write(status);
commandport.Write(0xd4);// 写入鼠标寄存器写数据了
dataport.Write(0xf4);// 告诉键盘或者数据开启鼠标
dataport.Read();// 读取数据流printf("finish mouse init ! \n");}
2.2 中断处理函数
鼠标的中断处理函数
根据每次read到的三个字节的数据, 进行xy位置以及不同状态的显示
uint32_t MouseDriver::HandleInterrupt(uint32_t esp){uint8_t status = commandport.Read();if(!(status &0x20))return esp;// 不是鼠标就直接返回esp
buffer[offset]= dataport.Read();// 先读一个数据
offset =(offset +1)%3;// offset偏移一位// offset为0, 则表示x, y操作过了, 只需要控制一下x,y即可if(offset ==0){uint16_t* VideoMemory =(uint16_t*)0xb8000;
VideoMemory[y *80+ x]=((VideoMemory[y *80+ x]&0xf000)>>4)|((VideoMemory[y *80+ x]&0x0f00)<<4)|(VideoMemory[y *80+ x]&0x00ff);
x += buffer[1];if(x <0) x =0;elseif(x >=80) x =79;
y -= buffer[2];if(y <0) y =0;elseif(y >=25) y =24;
VideoMemory[y *80+ x]=((VideoMemory[y *80+ x]&0xf000)>>4)|((VideoMemory[y *80+ x]&0x0f00)<<4)|(VideoMemory[y *80+ x]&0x00ff);for(uint8_t i =0; i <3; i++){// 判断buf是否是按键按下, 如果按下就进行翻转一下, 这里只需要判断buffer[0]的下三位表示左中右, if((buffer[0]&(1<< i))!=(buttons &(1<< i))){
VideoMemory[y *80+ x]=((VideoMemory[y *80+ x]&0xf000)>>4)|((VideoMemory[y *80+ x]&0x0f00)<<4)|(VideoMemory[y *80+ x]&0x00ff);}}
buttons = buffer[0];}return esp;}
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