【MySQL】MySQL 8.4.0 长期支持版（LTS）安装

    就在2024年 “5.1” 节前，MySQL官方发布了8.4.0长期支持版（LTS - Long Term Support）。根据官方提供的文档，在本地虚拟机进行安装测试。

    安装、配置和启动过程记录如下：

    第一步，上传到安装包（mysql-commercial-8.4.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz）到虚拟机，并解压。

[root@vm-3rd89n7dd ~]# rz
rz waiting to receive.
Starting zmodem transfer.  Press Ctrl+C to cancel.
Transferring mysql-commercial-8.4.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz...
  100%  518611 KB    27295 KB/sec    00:00:19       0 Errors  
[root@vm-3rd89n7dd ~]# tar -xf mysql-commercial-8.4.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@vm-3rd89n7dd ~]# mv mysql-commercial-8.4.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

    第二步，创建mysql用户和组，并给相关目录授权。

[root@vm-3rd89n7dd ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@vm-3rd89n7dd ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
[root@vm-3rd89n7dd ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@vm-3rd89n7dd mysql]# mkdir mysql-files
[root@vm-3rd89n7dd mysql]# chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
[root@vm-3rd89n7dd mysql]# chmod 750 mysql-files

    第三步，用户密码初始化（注意下面信息打印出来 temporary password ，登录数据库操作时，会提示必须修改）

[root@vm-3rd89n7dd mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
2024-05-07T06:22:58.045209Z 0 [System] [MY-015017] [Server] MySQL Server Initialization - start.
2024-05-07T06:22:58.047263Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.4.0-commercial) initializing of server in progress as process 3904
2024-05-07T06:22:58.064126Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2024-05-07T06:22:59.175074Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2024-05-07T06:23:01.261487Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: jgR;k1H4Wa!f
2024-05-07T06:23:04.365176Z 0 [System] [MY-015018] [Server] MySQL Server Initialization - end.

    第四步，将mysql.server添加为系统服务，并启动mysql服务

[root@vm-3rd89n7dd mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
[root@vm-3rd89n7dd mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql.server
[root@vm-3rd89n7dd mysql]# systemctl start mysql.server
[root@vm-3rd89n7dd mysql]# systemctl status mysql.server
● mysql.server.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql.server; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (exited) since 二 2024-05-07 14:28:58 CST; 12s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 4224 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql.server start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

5月 07 14:28:58 vm-3rd89n7dd systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
5月 07 14:28:58 vm-3rd89n7dd mysql.server[4224]: Starting MySQL SUCCESS!
5月 07 14:28:58 vm-3rd89n7dd systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
5月 07 14:28:58 vm-3rd89n7dd mysql.server[4224]: 2024-05-07T06:28:58.247390Z mysqld_safe A mysqld process already exists

    第五步，修改临时密码

[root@vm-3rd89n7dd ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'jgR;k1H4Wa!f' password 'YourPassword'
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

    如果不修改临时密码，并使用临时密码登录操作数据库，系统也会提示修改

[root@vm-3rd89n7dd ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.4.0-commercial

Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> exit
Bye

    第六步，为mysql设置环境变量，增加 /usr/local/mysql/bin 路径配置

root@vm-3rd89n7dd ~]# vi .bash_profile 
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs
JAVA_HOME=/usr/jdk1.8.0_411
export JAVA_HOME

CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export CLASSPATH

PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH

[root@vm-3rd89n7dd ~]# source .bash_profile

    第七步，登录和操作数据库测试

[root@vm-3rd89n7dd ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 8.4.0-commercial MySQL Enterprise Server - Commercial

Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

    以上就是MySQL 8.4.0 LTS版本安装、运行的一个基本过程（注意：过程中并未涉及数据库的详细配置，需要的可以在安装过程中自行添加相关配置）。

参考：

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/binary-installation.html