ubuntu下载离线软件包及依赖

一、前言

    由于给客户提供的设备机不允许上网，那么所有待安装的软件包及依赖库都需要提前下载好，然后通过局域网传过去再安装。

    另外，软件包可能还依赖其他的库，库还依赖其他的库...，所以需要一步步耐心的查找并下载。

二、正文

    我这边需要安装的软件是用QT编写的一个代理程序，它所依赖Boost库和UUID库，以及JSON等库。

    由于当前Ubuntu系统中已经自带了UUID和JSON库，所以下面用Boost库进行演示。

1.准备环境

• 查看一下下载源是否设置好了

• 到https://pkgs.org/ 网上查一下libboost都有哪些库

• 在系统合适的路径下新建一个文件夹，用于下载软件包

2.开始下载

    先切换到root用户，方便后面输入命令，否则总得输入sudo

    然后进入到新建的文件夹中，执行apt download <库名> 下载

    ok，第一个库文件已经下载好了，然后我们再通过apt-cache depends <库名>查询一下它所依赖的库

    它依赖libboost1.71-dev和libboost-atomic1.71.0，冲突先不管，如果有建议的库也记录下来。

    那下面我就继续下载那两个依赖的库

    剩下工作就是重复执行“查询依赖”和“下载库文件”的工作了，就不在此复述。

    我将所有依赖关系列表在下面列出，供大家参考：

libboost-all-dev
  Depends: libboost-dev
      Depends: libboost1.71-dev
      Suggests: libboost-doc
  #Depends: libboost-tools-dev:armhf
    Depends: libboost1.71-tools-dev:armhf
  Depends: libboost-atomic-dev
    Depends: libboost-atomic1.71-dev
        Depends: libboost1.71-dev
        Depends: libboost-atomic1.71.0
  Depends: libboost-chrono-dev
    Depends: libboost-chrono1.71-dev
        Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-chrono1.71.0
            Depends: libc6
            Depends: libgcc-s1
                Depends: gcc-10-base
                  Depends: libc6
            Depends: libstdc++6
  Depends: libboost-container-dev
    Depends: libboost-container1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-container1.71.0
            Depends: libc6
              Depends: libgcc-s1
              Depends: libstdc++6
  Depends: libboost-context-dev
    Depends: libboost-context1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-thread1.71-dev
            Depends: libboost1.71-dev
            Depends: libboost-atomic1.71-dev
            Depends: libboost-chrono1.71-dev
            Depends: libboost-date-time1.71-dev
            Depends: libboost-system1.71-dev
            Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0
          Depends: libboost-context1.71.0
  Depends: libboost-coroutine-dev
    Depends: libboost-coroutine1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-context1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-coroutine1.71.0
              Depends: libboost-context1.71.0
              Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0
              Depends: libc6
              Depends: libgcc-s1
              Depends: libstdc++6
  Depends: libboost-date-time-dev
    Depends: libboost-date-time1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-date-time1.71.0
          Depends: libboost-serialization1.71-dev
            Depends: libboost1.71-dev
            Depends: libboost-serialization1.71.0
  Depends: libboost-exception-dev
      Depends: libboost-exception1.71-dev
  Depends: libboost-fiber-dev
    Depends: libboost-fiber1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-context1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71-dev
              Depends: libboost1.71-dev
              Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71.0
              Depends: libboost-system1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-fiber1.71.0
  Depends: libboost-filesystem-dev
    Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71-dev
  Depends: libboost-graph-dev
    Depends: libboost-graph1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-graph1.71.0
              Depends:libboost-regex1.71.0
              Depends: libc6
              Depends: libgcc-s1
              Depends: libstdc++6
              Suggests: graphviz
          Depends: libboost-regex1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-serialization1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-test1.71-dev
  Depends: libboost-graph-parallel-dev
    Depends: libboost-graph-parallel1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-graph-parallel1.71.0
          Depends: libboost-serialization1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-test1.71-dev
  Depends: libboost-iostreams-dev
    Depends: libboost-iostreams1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-regex1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-iostreams1.71.0
  Depends: libboost-locale-dev
    Depends: libboost-locale1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-thread1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-locale1.71.0
  Depends: libboost-log-dev
    Depends: libboost-log1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-log1.71.0
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-atomic1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-date-time1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-system1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-regex1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-thread1.71-dev
  Depends: libboost-math-dev
    Depends: libboost-math1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-math1.71.0
  Depends: libboost-mpi-dev
    Depends: libboost-mpi1.71-dev
        Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-serialization1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-mpi1.71.0
          Depends: mpi-default-dev
          Suggests: libboost-graph1.71-dev
  Depends: libboost-mpi-python-dev
    Depends: libboost-mpi-python1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-mpi1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-mpi-python1.71.0
              Depends: libboost-mpi1.71.0
              Depends: libboost-python1.71.0
              Depends: libboost-python1.71.0
              Depends: libboost-serialization1.71.0
              Depends: libc6
              Depends: libgcc-s1
              Depends: libopenmpi3
              Depends: libstdc++6
              Depends: python3
              Depends: python3
              Depends: mpi-default-bin
  Depends: libboost-numpy-dev
    Depends: libboost-numpy1.71-dev
        Depends: libboost-numpy1.71.0
              Depends: libboost-python1.71.0
              Depends: libboost-python1.71.0
              Depends: libc6
              Depends: libgcc-s1
              Depends: libstdc++6
              Suggests: python3
          Suggests: libboost1.71-doc
  Depends: libboost-program-options-dev
    Depends: libboost-program-options1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-program-options1.71.0
  Depends: libboost-python-dev
    Depends: libboost-python1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-python1.71.0
          Depends: python3-dev
          Suggests: libboost1.71-doc
          Suggests: <gccxml>
  Depends: libboost-random-dev
    Depends: libboost-random1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-system1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-random1.71.0
  Depends: libboost-regex-dev
    Depends: libboost-regex1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-regex1.71.0
          Depends: libicu-dev
  Depends: libboost-serialization-dev
    Depends: libboost-serialization1.71-dev
  Depends: libboost-stacktrace-dev
    Depends: libboost-stacktrace1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-stacktrace1.71.0
  Depends: libboost-system-dev
    Depends: libboost-system1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-system1.71.0
  Depends: libboost-test-dev
    Depends: libboost-test1.71-dev
        Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-test1.71.0
  Depends: libboost-thread-dev
    Depends: libboost-thread1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-atomic1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-chrono1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-date-time1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-system1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-thread1.71.0
  Depends: libboost-timer-dev
    Depends: libboost-timer1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-chrono1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-timer1.71.0
  Depends: libboost-type-erasure-dev
    Depends: libboost-type-erasure1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-system1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-thread1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-type-erasure1.71.0
  Depends: libboost-wave-dev
    Depends: libboost-wave1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-serialization1.71-dev
          Depends: libboost-wave1.71.0
          Depends: libboost-filesystem1.71-dev

3.后续工作

    当我们下载完所有需要的库文件和依赖库之后，我们可以把前面新建的文件夹进行压缩

    然后我们将压缩包拷贝出来，或者通过局域网传递给新设备机上，然后先解压

进入到解压后的目录下，你可以看到之前下载好的库软件包。

    下面执行sudo dpkg -i *.deb 命令即可安装此目录下所有的软件包。

    注意：如果你之前下载完全的话，应该能正确安装；如果有错误提示，那么请根据提示返回原电脑（可以联网）继续下载软件包。

三、总结

    查找依赖和下载软件包的过程是比较考验耐心的，可能由于我是个初学者只能用这个“笨方法”。但为了工作需要，由不得不使用。

    当我把工作完成后才发现，确实window系统比较方便，哈哈哈~

    来日方长，继续努力吧！