【Django框架】——23 Django视图 05 HttpResponse对象

目录

视图在接收请求并处理后，必须返回

HttpResponse

对象或⼦对象。

HttpRequest

对象由

Django

创建，

HttpResponse

对象由开发⼈员创建。

classHttpResponse(HttpResponseBase):"""
    An HTTP response class with a string as content.

    This content that can be read, appended to, or replaced.
    """

    streaming =Falsedef__init__(self, content=b'',*args,**kwargs):super().__init__(*args,**kwargs)# Content is a bytestring. See the `content` property methods.
        self.content = content

    def__repr__(self):return'<%(cls)s status_code=%(status_code)d%(content_type)s>'%{'cls': self.__class__.__name__,'status_code': self.status_code,'content_type': self._content_type_for_repr,}defserialize(self):"""Full HTTP message, including headers, as a bytestring."""return self.serialize_headers()+b'\r\n\r\n'+ self.content

    __bytes__ = serialize

    @propertydefcontent(self):returnb''.join(self._container)@content.setterdefcontent(self, value):# Consume iterators upon assignment to allow repeated iteration.ifhasattr(value,'__iter__')andnotisinstance(value,(bytes,str)):
            content =b''.join(self.make_bytes(chunk)for chunk in value)ifhasattr(value,'close'):try:
                    value.close()except Exception:passelse:
            content = self.make_bytes(value)# Create a list of properly encoded bytestrings to support write().
        self._container =[content]def__iter__(self):returniter(self._container)defwrite(self, content):
        self._container.append(self.make_bytes(content))deftell(self):returnlen(self.content)defgetvalue(self):return self.content

    defwritable(self):returnTruedefwritelines(self, lines):for line in lines:
            self.write(line)

1. HttpResponse

可以使⽤

django.http.HttpResponse

来构造响应对象。

HttpResponse(content=响应体, content_type=响应体数据类型, status=状态码)

也可通过

HttpResponse

对象属性来设置响应体、响应体数据类型、状态码：

• content：表示返回的内容。
• status_code：返回的HTTP响应状态码。 响应头可以直接将HttpResponse对象当做字典进⾏响应头键值对的设置：

response = HttpResponse('bei ji de san ha !')
response['bei ji de san ha !']='Python'# ⾃定义响应头bei ji de san ha, 值为Python

示例：

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

# Create your views here.defresponse(request):return HttpResponse(content='Hello HttpResponse', content_type=str, status=400)

或者：

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

# Create your views here.defresponse(request):# return HttpResponse(content='Hello HttpResponse', content_type=str, status=400)
    response = HttpResponse('bei ji de san ha !')
    response.status_code =400
    response['bei ji de san ha !']='Python'return respons

2. HttpResponse⼦类

Django

提供了⼀系列

HttpResponse

的⼦类，可以快速设置状态码。

HttpResponseRedirect 301
HttpResponsePermanentRedirect 302
HttpResponseNotModified 304
HttpResponseBadRequest 400
HttpResponseNotFound 404
HttpResponseForbidden 403
HttpResponseNotAllowed 405
HttpResponseGone 410
HttpResponseServerError 500

示例：

HttpResponseRedirect 301

视图函数：

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect

# Create your views here.defresponse(request):return HttpResponseRedirect('/hrv/')defhttpResponseView(request):return HttpResponse('Hello Django HttpResponse')

路由：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @File  : urls.py# @author: 北极的三哈# @email : [email protected]# @Time  : 2022/10/31 上午2:35""""""from django.urls import path, re_path
from papp import views

urlpatterns =[
    path('response/', views.response),
    path('hrv/', views.httpResponseView),]

访问：

127.0.0.1:8000/response/

响应：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/hrv/

3. JsonResponse

classJsonResponse(HttpResponse):"""
    An HTTP response class that consumes data to be serialized to JSON.

    :param data: Data to be dumped into json. By default only ``dict`` objects
      are allowed to be passed due to a security flaw before EcmaScript 5. See
      the ``safe`` parameter for more information.
    :param encoder: Should be a json encoder class. Defaults to
      ``django.core.serializers.json.DjangoJSONEncoder``.
    :param safe: Controls if only ``dict`` objects may be serialized. Defaults
      to ``True``.
    :param json_dumps_params: A dictionary of kwargs passed to json.dumps().
    """def__init__(self, data, encoder=DjangoJSONEncoder, safe=True,
                 json_dumps_params=None,**kwargs):if safe andnotisinstance(data,dict):raise TypeError('In order to allow non-dict objects to be serialized set the ''safe parameter to False.')if json_dumps_params isNone:
            json_dumps_params ={}
        kwargs.setdefault('content_type','application/json')
        data = json.dumps(data, cls=encoder,**json_dumps_params)super().__init__(content=data,**kwargs)

若要返回

json

数据，可以使⽤

JsonResponse

来构造响应对象，作⽤：

• 帮助我们将数据转换为json字符串
• 设置响应头Content-Type为application/json

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse

# Create your views here.defresponse(request):# return HttpResponse(content='Hello HttpResponse', content_type=str, status=400)# response = HttpResponse('bei ji de san ha !')# response.status_code = 400# response['bei ji de san ha !'] = 'Python'# return responsereturn JsonResponse({'uname':'san ha','age':22})

访问：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/response/

JSON

原始数据

头

4. redirect重定向

defredirect(to,*args, permanent=False,**kwargs):"""
    Return an HttpResponseRedirect to the appropriate URL for the arguments
    passed.

    The arguments could be:

        * A model: the model's `get_absolute_url()` function will be called.

        * A view name, possibly with arguments: `urls.reverse()` will be used
          to reverse-resolve the name.

        * A URL, which will be used as-is for the redirect location.

    Issues a temporary redirect by default; pass permanent=True to issue a
    permanent redirect.
    """
    redirect_class = HttpResponsePermanentRedirect if permanent else HttpResponseRedirect
    return redirect_class(resolve_url(to,*args,**kwargs))

视图函数：

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import redirect

# Create your views here.defresponse(request):# return HttpResponse(content='Hello HttpResponse', content_type=str, status=400)# response = HttpResponse('bei ji de san ha !')# response.status_code = 400# response['bei ji de san ha !'] = 'Python'# return response# return JsonResponse({'uname': 'san ha', 'age': 22})# return HttpResponseRedirect('/hrv/')return redirect('/hrv/')defhttpResponseView(request):return HttpResponse('Hello Django HttpResponse')

路由：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @File  : urls.py# @author: 北极的三哈# @email : [email protected]# @Time  : 2022/10/31 上午2:35""""""from django.urls import path, re_path
from papp import views

urlpatterns =[
    path('response/', views.response),
    path('hrv/', views.httpResponseView),]

访问：

127.0.0.1:8000/response/

响应：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/hrv/