Linux安装ElasticSearch

Linux安装ElasticSearch

文章目录

0. 写在前面

• Linux版本：CentOS7.5
• ES版本：ElasticSearch-7.8.0

1. 环境准备

• 运行ElasticSearch，需要安装并配置JDK - 设置$JAVA_HOME
• ElasticSearch各个版本对Java的依赖可参考官网：https://www.elastic.co/cn/support/matrix#matrix_jvm - ElasticSearch5.X需要Java8以上的版本- ElasticSearch从V6.5开始支持Java11- V7.0版本开始，内置了Java环境
• ElasticSearch比较消耗内存，建议虚拟机4G或以上内存，jvm1g以上的内存分配

可以参考es（Windows环境下）文件

elasticsearch-env.bat

2. ES安装

2.1ES解压

• 安装包下载地址

https://www.elastic.co/downloads/past-releases/elasticsearch-7-8-0

2.2 新增普通用户

因为安全问题，Elasticsearch 不允许 root 用户直接运行, 所以要创建一个ES专属的普通用户es

[whybigdata@node02 ~]$ sudouseradd es
[whybigdata@node02 ~]$ sudopasswd es
更改用户 es 的密码 。
新的 密码：
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。

2.3 给新创建的普通用户授权

[whybigdata@node02 ~]$ chown -R es:es /opt/module/es-7.8.0

2.4 给新创建的普通用户设置sudo权限

[whybigdata@node02 ~]$ vim /etc/sudoers
[whybigdata@node02 ~]$ vim /etc/sudoers

在

root ALL(ALL) ALL

下面新增

es ALL(ALL) ALL

• 或者：

# 使用root用户执行
visudo
# 在 root    ALL(ALL)    ALL下面新增
es    ALL(ALL)    ALL

2.5 前置准备

[whybigdata@node02 ~]$ vim /etc/security/limits.conf

在文件末尾中增加下面内容：每个进程可以打开的文件数的限制

es soft nofile 65536 
es hard nofile 65536

[whybigdata@node02 ~]$ vim /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf

在文件末尾中增加下面内容 ：每个进程可以打开的文件数的限制；操作系统级别对每个用户创建的进程数的限制

es soft nofile 65536 
es hard nofile 65536

* hard nproc 4096

注：* 带表 Linux 所有用户名称

[whybigdata@node02 ~]$ sudovim /etc/sysctl.conf

在文件中增加下面内容：一个进程可以拥有的 VMA(虚拟内存区域)的数量,默认值为 65536

vm.max_map_count=655360

• 保存后执以下命令使配置生效

[whybigdata@node02 ~]$ sudo sysctl -p
vm.max_map_count =262144

修改JVM配置

################################################################
## IMPORTANT: JVM heap size
################################################################
##
## You should always set the min and max JVM heap
## size to the same value. For example, to set
## the heap to 4 GB, set:
##
-Xms1g
-Xmx1g
##
## See https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/heap-size.html
## for more information
##

主要修改以下参数值

cluster.name: my-application

node.name: node-1path.data: ./data

path.logs: ./logs

network.host: 0.0.0.0

http.port:9200cluster.initial_master_nodes:["node-1"]

Note：

cluster.initial_master_nodes

必须配置（即使名字跟默认的一样，也要放开注释），否则启动失败，失败日志「elasticsearch.log」说如下：

启动es

[es@node02 es-7.8.0]$ bin/elasticsearch -d
future versions of Elasticsearch will require Java 11; your Java version from [/opt/module/jdk1.8.0_212/jre] does not meet this requirement
future versions of Elasticsearch will require Java 11; your Java version from [/opt/module/jdk1.8.0_212/jre] does not meet this requirement
Java HotSpot(TM)64-Bit Server VM warning: Cannot openfile logs/gc.log due to No such file or directory

[es@node02 es-7.8.0]$ jps
76151 Jps
76110 Elasticsearch

[es@node02 es-7.8.0]$ ps -ef |grep es
root          10014:45 ?        00:00:03 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22
dbus        5921014:45 ?        00:00:02 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation
root      689261742019:29 pts/0    00:00:00 su - es
es        6894368926019:29 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
es        7611012119:46 pts/0    00:00:40 /opt/module/jdk1.8.0_212/bin/java -Xshare:auto -Des.networkaddress.cache.ttl=60 -Des.networkaddress.cache.negative.ttl=10 -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch -Xss1m -Djava.awt.headless=true -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Djna.nosys=true -XX:-OmitStackTraceInFastThrow -Dio.netty.noUnsafe=true -Dio.netty.noKeySetOptimization=true -Dio.netty.recycler.maxCapacityPerThread=0 -Dio.netty.allocator.numDirectArenas=0 -Dlog4j.shutdownHookEnabled=false -Dlog4j2.disable.jmx=true -Djava.locale.providers=SPI,JRE -Xms1g -Xmx1g -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75 -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -Djava.io.tmpdir=/tmp/elasticsearch-3279581942497379597 -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:HeapDumpPath=data -XX:ErrorFile=logs/hs_err_pid%p.log -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution -XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime -Xloggc:logs/gc.log -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=32 -XX:GCLogFileSize=64m -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=536870912 -Des.path.home=/opt/module/es-7.8.0 -Des.path.conf=/opt/module/es-7.8.0/config -Des.distribution.flavor=default -Des.distribution.type=tar -Des.bundled_jdk=true -cp /opt/module/es-7.8.0/lib/* org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch -d
es        7617176110019:46 pts/0    00:00:00 /opt/module/es-7.8.0/modules/x-pack-ml/platform/linux-x86_64/bin/controller
es        7744168943019:49 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
es        7744268943019:49 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto es

启动成功，Web页面如下：

Note：注意启动ES不要使用root用户，否则会出现以下错误日志

3. Kibana安装

• 下载地址：

https://www.elastic.co/downloads/past-releases/kibana-7-8-0

3.1 上传并解压tar文件

进入到

config

目录，修改

kibana.yml

文件

# 服务端口
server.port: 5601
# 运行服务的IP设置
server.host: "0.0.0.0"
# elasticsearch访问地址
elasticsearch.hosts: ["http://localhost:9200"]
# kibana汉化
i18n.locale: "zh-CN"

进入

bin

目录，后台启动kibana

nohup ./kibana & 

服务Web端：http://node02:5601/

4. ik分词器的安装

ES提供插件机制对系统进行扩展，下文

在线安装

以icu分词器的安装为例子，

离线安装

以ik分词器为例子：

4.1 为什么要安装其他分词器

ES默认的分词器为

standard

标准分词器，如下图的执行结果

• 示例

• 标准分词器执行结果

「中华人民共和国」这一整体被拆分为一个一个字，并不是很友好。下文会展示使用其他分词器在同一示例下的执行结果

4.2下载地址

https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases/download/v7.8.0/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-7.8.0.zip

[es@node02 ~]$ cd /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins
[es@node02 plugins]$ mkdir ik-7.8.0
[es@node02 plugins]$ cd /opt/software/
[es@node02 software]$ ll
总用量 3192
-rw-rw-r-- 1 whybigdata whybigdata 32672011月  1910:54 elasticsearch-analysis-ik-7.8.0.tar.gz
[es@node02 software]$ tar -zxvf elasticsearch-analysis-ik-7.8.0.tar.gz -C /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/ik-7.8.0/

启动es，报错信息如下：

[2023-01-19T11:05:00,534][ERROR][o.e.b.Bootstrap          ] [node-1] Exception
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not load plugin descriptor for plugin directory [ik-7.8.0]
.......
[2023-01-19T11:05:00,542][ERROR][o.e.b.ElasticsearchUncaughtExceptionHandler] [node-1] uncaught exception in thread [main]
org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.StartupException: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not load plugin descriptor for plugin directory [ik-7.8.0]
....

在线安装

[es@node02 ~]$ /opt/module/es-7.8.0/bin/elasticsearch-plugin --help
future versions of Elasticsearch will require Java 11; your Java version from [/opt/module/jdk1.8.0_212/jre] does not meet this requirement
A tool for managing installed elasticsearch plugins

Commands
--------
list - Lists installed elasticsearch plugins
install - Install a plugin
remove - removes a plugin from Elasticsearch

Non-option arguments:
command

Option             Description
------             -----------
-E <KeyValuePair>  Configure a setting
-h, --help         Show help
-s, --silent       Show minimal output
-v, --verbose      Show verbose output

• 查看已安装的插件

[es@node02 ~]$ cd /opt/module/es-7.8.0/
[es@node02 es-7.8.0]$ bin/elasticsearch-plugin list

• 安装插件

[es@node02 es-7.8.0]$ bin/elasticsearch-plugin install analysis-icu

• 删除插件

[es@node02 es-7.8.0]$ bin/elasticsearch-plugin remove analysis-icu

Note：安装和删除完插件之后，需要重启ES服务才能生效！

• 示例：icu分词器

• 执行结果

ik分词器不能在线安装，需要离线安装

离线安装

[es@node02 software]$ unzip elasticsearch-analysis-ik-7.8.0.zip -d /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/
Archive:  elasticsearch-analysis-ik-7.8.0.zip
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-7.8.0.jar
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/httpclient-4.5.2.jar
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/httpcore-4.4.4.jar
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/commons-logging-1.2.jar
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/commons-codec-1.9.jar
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/plugin-descriptor.properties
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/plugin-security.policy
   creating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/config/
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/config/main.dic
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/config/quantifier.dic
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/config/extra_single_word_full.dic
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/config/IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/config/surname.dic
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/config/suffix.dic
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/config/stopword.dic
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/config/extra_main.dic
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/config/extra_stopword.dic
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/config/preposition.dic
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/config/extra_single_word_low_freq.dic
  inflating: /opt/module/es-7.8.0/plugins/analysis-ik-7.8.0/config/extra_single_word.dic

ik分词器有粒度之分

• 粗粒度：ik_smart

示例

结果

{"tokens":[{"token":"中华人民共和国","start_offset":0,"end_offset":7,"type":"CN_WORD","position":0}]}

• 细粒度：ik_max_word

示例

结果

{"tokens":[{"token":"中华人民共和国","start_offset":0,"end_offset":7,"type":"CN_WORD","position":0},{"token":"中华人民","start_offset":0,"end_offset":4,"type":"CN_WORD","position":1},{"token":"中华","start_offset":0,"end_offset":2,"type":"CN_WORD","position":2},{"token":"华人","start_offset":1,"end_offset":3,"type":"CN_WORD","position":3},{"token":"人民共和国","start_offset":2,"end_offset":7,"type":"CN_WORD","position":4},{"token":"人民","start_offset":2,"end_offset":4,"type":"CN_WORD","position":5},{"token":"共和国","start_offset":4,"end_offset":7,"type":"CN_WORD","position":6},{"token":"共和","start_offset":4,"end_offset":6,"type":"CN_WORD","position":7},{"token":"国","start_offset":6,"end_offset":7,"type":"CN_CHAR","position":8}]}

创建索引时可以指定ik分词器作为默认分词器

PUT/es_db
{"settings":{"index":{"analysis.analyzer.default.type":"ik_max_word"}}}

结束！