一、RabbitMQ交换机
1、交换机的由来
在RabbitMQ中,生产者发送信息不会直接将消息投递到队列中,而是将消息投递到交换机中,再由交换机转发到具体的队列中,队列再将消息以推送或者拉取方式给消费进行消费
在交换机诞生了两个概念
1、路由键:
2、绑定键:
** 3、两者中的关系**
2、交换机类型
2.1直连交换机(Direct Exchange)
如图所示:
2.2主题交换机(Topic Exchange)
2.3扇形交换机(Fanout Exchange)
2.4首部交换机(Headers Exchange)
2.5默认交换机(Default Exchange)
二、RabbitMQ交换机实例讲解
一、直连交换机讲解
1、先在生产者中创建一个直连交换机配置类
**DirectQueueConfig:生成队列,交换机,以及路由键,定义三个队列**
package com.zj.provider;
import lombok.With;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class DirectQueueConfig {
/**
* 生成一个队列
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Queue directQueueA(){
return new Queue("directQueueA",true);
}
@Bean
public Queue directQueueB(){
return new Queue("directQueueB",true);
}
@Bean
public Queue directQueueC(){
return new Queue("directQueueC",true);
}
@Bean
public DirectExchange directExchange(){
return new DirectExchange("directExchange");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingA(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueueA()).to(directExchange()).with("AA");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingB(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueueB()).to(directExchange()).with("BB");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingC(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueueC()).to(directExchange()).with("CC");
}
}
2、之后创建一个控制类,用来发信息
DirectController:其中rabbitTemplate用来发送信息辅助类
package com.zj.provider;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.Map;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/sendDirect")
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class DirectController {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/sendDirect")
public String sendDirect(String routerKey) {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directExchange", routerKey, "Hello world");
return "yes";
}
}
3、在消费者中定义好接受者
**DirectReciverA:再生成连个同样的类但是要注意的是必须要打@RabbitHandler和@RabbitListener(queues = "directQueueA")第一个是对队列处理者,第二个是队列的监听者,监听队列,不加第一个注解,消息将会接收不到**
package com.zj.consumer.mq;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@SuppressWarnings("all")
@Slf4j
@RabbitListener(queues = "directQueueA")
public class DirectReciverA {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
log.warn("A接收到了"+message);
}
}
** 结果运行成功:**
二、主题交换机讲解
1、先在生产者中创建一个直连交换机配置类
**TopicQueueConfig:注意:这里面需要特定指定键**
注意:必须在绑定键前加一个Topic来区分,必须介以区别,不然将会报错,因为加入了bean对象
package com.zj.provider.MQ;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class TopicQueueConfig {
private final static String KEY_A="*.orange.*";
private final static String KEY_B="*.*.rabbit";
private final static String KEY_C="lazy.#";
/**
* 生成一个队列
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Queue topicQueueA(){
return new Queue("topicQueueA",true);
}
@Bean
public Queue topicQueueB(){
return new Queue("topicQueueB",true);
}
@Bean
public Queue topicQueueC(){
return new Queue("topicQueueC",true);
}
@Bean
public TopicExchange topicExchange(){
return new TopicExchange("topicExchange");
}
@Bean
public Binding topicbindingA(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueA()).to(topicExchange()).with(KEY_A);
}
@Bean
public Binding topicbindingB(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueB()).to(topicExchange()).with(KEY_B);
}
@Bean
public Binding topicbindingC(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueC()).to(topicExchange()).with(KEY_C);
}
}
2、之后创建一个控制类,用来发信息
@RequestMapping("/sendTopic")
public String sendTopic(String routerKey) {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", routerKey, "Hello world");
return "yes";
}
3、在消费者中定义好接受者:
package com.zj.consumer.mq;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@SuppressWarnings("all")
@Slf4j
@RabbitListener(queues = "topicQueueA")
public class TopicReciverA {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
log.info("A接收到了"+message);
}
}
注意:需要进行发信息才能在RabbitMQ发现队列
** 显示出队列:**
** 接收成功:**
三、扇形(广播)交换机讲解
** 扇形交换机和其他两个交换机不一样,扇形交换机不用绑定键,因为他会进行广播,同样的在队列与交换机进行绑定时,需要加上不同的名字来进行区分**
1、先在生产者中创建一个直连交换机配置类
package com.zj.provider.MQ;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class FanoutQueueConfig {
/**
* 生成一个队列
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueueA(){
return new Queue("fanoutQueueA",true);
}
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueueB(){
return new Queue("fanoutQueueB",true);
}
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueueC(){
return new Queue("fanoutQueueC",true);
}
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
return new FanoutExchange("fanoutExchange");
}
@Bean
public Binding fanoutbindingA(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueA()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
@Bean
public Binding fanoutbindingB(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueB()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
@Bean
public Binding fanoutbindingC(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueC()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
}
2、之后创建一个控制类,用来发信息
**没有绑定键,但是要写空值,不然fanoutExchange会被认为是路由键 @RequestMapping("/sendFanout") public String sendFanout() { rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange", "null" ,"Hello world"); return "yes"; }**
3、在消费者中定义好接受者:
package com.zj.consumer.mq;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@SuppressWarnings("all")
@Slf4j
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanoutQueueA")
public class FanoutReciverA {
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
log.info("A接收到了"+message);
}
}
** 生产者运行效果:**
** 消费者接收到信息**
** 今天的知识就分享到这了,希望能够帮助到你! **
版权归原作者 落日飞行 所有, 如有侵权,请联系我们删除。