Windows上可视化ubuntu程序图形界面

Windows上可视化ubuntu程序图形界面

文章目录

1 vscode远程配置

1 点击左下角SSH进行远程连接，选择添加新的SSH主机

2 设置主机ip地址，用户名

或者用快捷键搜索打开！

Host 192.xxx.xxx.1x7
    HostName 192.xxx.xxx.1x7
    User pj
    ForwardX11 yes# 为了后面可以把ubuntu的程序可视化界面显示到windows，这里添加
    ForwardX11Trusted yes

3 配置完成，选择主机，输入密码即可！

2 界面导致程序无法运行问题

  因为要远程执行的程序有

opencv

可视化界面，直接在

windows

执行会报错如下！

Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'cv::Exception'
  what():  OpenCV(3.4.16) /home/pj/opencv3.4.16/opencv-3.4.16/modules/highgui/src/window_gtk.cpp:624: error: (-2:Unspecified error) Can't initialize GTK backend in function 'cvInitSystem'

Aborted (core dumped)

  有两种方法解决：

2.1 Xvfb

  使用虚拟显示环境，如

Xvfb

（

X virtual framebuffer

）来模拟一个显示环境（实际上我们是看不到真实画面的，但是程序可以运行了）。

安装

Xvfb

：

sudoapt-getinstall xvfb

然后在

Xvfb

环境中运行你的程序：

xvfb-run -a ./可执行文件

2.2 X11转发

  为了在本地机器上显示虚拟机程序的图形界面，可以使用X11转发

①

Linux

：已经预装X11，检查SSH的相应配置

②

Windows

：安装

Xming

，配置并启动

2.2.1 Ubuntu设置

  检查虚拟机上的SSH服务器配置文件（通常是

/etc/ssh/sshd_config

）中，确保以

X11Forwarding

等未被注释，并设置为

yes

。下面是我虚拟机设置

#    $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.103 2018/04/09 20:41:22 tj Exp $# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file.  See# sshd_config(5) for more information.# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where# possible, but leave them commented.  Uncommented options override the# default value.

Include /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/*.conf#Port 22#AddressFamily any#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0#ListenAddress ::#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key# Ciphers and keying#RekeyLimit default none# Logging#SyslogFacility AUTH#LogLevel INFO# Authentication:#LoginGraceTime 2m#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password#StrictModes yes#MaxAuthTries 6#MaxSessions 10#PubkeyAuthentication yes# Expect .ssh/authorized_keys2 to be disregarded by default in future.#AuthorizedKeysFile    .ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys2#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none#AuthorizedKeysCommand none#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts#HostbasedAuthentication no# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for# HostbasedAuthentication#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files#IgnoreRhosts yes# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!#PasswordAuthentication yes#PermitEmptyPasswords no# Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with# some PAM modules and threads)
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

# Kerberos options#KerberosAuthentication no#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes#KerberosTicketCleanup yes#KerberosGetAFSToken no# GSSAPI options#GSSAPIAuthentication no#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes#GSSAPIKeyExchange no# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and# PasswordAuthentication.  Depending on your PAM configuration,# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
UsePAM yes

#AllowAgentForwarding yes#AllowTcpForwarding yes#GatewayPorts no
X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
X11UseLocalhost yes
#PermitTTY yes
PrintMotd no
#PrintLastLog yes#TCPKeepAlive yes#PermitUserEnvironment no#Compression delayed#ClientAliveInterval 0#ClientAliveCountMax 3#UseDNS no#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid#MaxStartups 10:30:100#PermitTunnel no#ChrootDirectory none#VersionAddendum none# no default banner path#Banner none# Allow client to pass locale environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*

# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem    sftp    /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server

然后重启SSH服务：

sudoservicessh restart

还需要再Windows上的vsocde上的SSH客户端配置文件（通常是

C:/Users/xx/.ssh/config

）中，确保包含以下内容（上面远程配置已经提到过）

ForwardX11 yes

如果不是利用vscode，可以直接下面命令进行配置，效果是等价的

X11转发设置：连接时可以使用

-X

或

-Y

选项，

ssh-Y [email protected]

2.2.2 Windows安装Xming

  想在

Windows

可视化，还需要安装

Xming

，下载地址，安装过程直接

next

即可。主要说下软件的配置

第一步：点击

Xlaunch

第二步

第三步，一定要勾选

No Access Control

, 否则后面执行

export

到

Windows

主机上时会提示

No protocol specified

第四步，点击完成即可

2.2.3 其余配置

  假设这个时候已经通过远程连接成功

① 在SSH会话中，设置

DISPLAY

环境变量，

exportDISPLAY=localhost:0.0        # 0.0是因为下面Xming后面是0.0

localhost则是本机分配给虚拟机的地址，win+R，打卡cmd，输入ipifconfig，查看对应的ip即可

② 上面设置好

DISPLAY

环境变量后，利用下面命令查看是否设置正确

echo$DISPLAY

2.2.4 测试验证

到此，配置好之后，即可验证

① 测试X11转发是否工作，如果显示了时钟窗口，则说明X11转发配置正确，可以继续运行

xclock        # 如果没有显示，说明上面DISPLAY没有设置正确

② 检查本地服务器，确保

Xming

已经启动

xhost +  # 如果成功，则显示如下；如果不成功，那么一般是打开时没有勾选`No Access Control`，见上面2.2.2

③ 执行一个程序验证，下图所示，已经构建一个连接，程序可视化也能在Windows显示