Kubeadm方式搭建K8s集群【1.27.0版本】

文章目录

一、集群规划及架构

官方文档：

二进制下载地址

环境规划：

• pod网段：10.244.0.0/16
• service网段：10.10.0.0/16
• 注意： pod和service网段不可冲突，如果冲突会导致K8S集群安装失败。
• 容器运行时本次使用containerd。
  主机名IP地址操作系统master-116.32.15.200CentOS7.8node-116.32.15.201CentOS7.8node-216.32.15.202CentOS7.8

  二、系统初始化准备(所有节点同步操作)

1、关闭防火墙

systemctl disable firewalld --now
setenforce 0sed  -i -r 's/SELINUX=[ep].*/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

2、配置域名解析

cat>> /etc/hosts <<EOF
16.32.15.200 master-1
16.32.15.201 node-1
16.32.15.202 node-2
EOF

在指定主机上面修改主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname master-1 &&bash
hostnamectl set-hostname node-1 &&bash
hostnamectl set-hostname node-2 &&bash

3、配置服务器时间保持一致

yum -y install ntpdate
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com

添加定时同步 每天凌晨1点自动同步时间

echo"0 1 * * * ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com">> /var/spool/cron/root
crontab -l

4、禁用swap交换分区（kubernetes强制要求禁用）

swapoff --all

禁止开机自启动swap交换分区

sed -i -r '/swap/ s/^/#/' /etc/fstab

5、修改Linux内核参数，添加网桥过滤器和地址转发功能

cat>> /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

加载网桥过滤器模块

modprobe br_netfilter
lsmod |grep br_netfilter # 验证是否生效

6、配置ipvs功能

在kubernetes中Service有两种代理模型，一种是基于iptables的，一种是基于ipvs，两者对比ipvs的性能要高，如果想要使用ipvs模型，需要手动载入ipvs模块

yum -y install ipset ipvsadm

cat> /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4  
EOFchmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules 
# 执行脚本
/etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

# 验证ipvs模块
lsmod |grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4

7、安装Docker容器组件

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum makecache

# yum-utils软件用于提供yum-config-manager程序
yum install -y yum-utils

# 使用yum-config-manager创建docker阿里存储库
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

yum install docker-ce-20.10.6 docker-ce-cli-20.10.6 -y

Docker配置加速源：

mkdir /etc/docker
cat<<EOF> /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://aoewjvel.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF# 启动docker并设置开机自启
systemctl enable docker --now
systemctl status docker

8、重启服务器 可略过

reboot

三、安装并配置cri-dockerd插件

官网下载地址

三台服务器同时操作

1、安装cri-dockerd插件

wget https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.3.1/cri-dockerd-0.3.1-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh cri-dockerd-0.3.1-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

2、备份并更新cri-docker.service文件

mv /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service{,.default}vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service 

[Unit]Description=CRI Interface for Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.mirantis.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service docker.service
Wants=network-online.target
Requires=cri-docker.socket
[Service]Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPIDTimeoutSec=0RestartSec=2Restart=always
StartLimitBurst=3StartLimitInterval=60s
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TasksMax=infinity
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

3、启动cir-dockerd

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start cri-docker.service 
systemctl enable cri-docker.service 

四、安装kubeadm(所有节点同步操作)

1、配置国内yum源，一键安装 kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl

cat<<EOF> /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF

yum install -y kubelet-1.27.0 kubeadm-1.27.0 kubectl-1.27.0

2、kubeadm将使用kubelet服务以容器方式部署kubernetes的主要服务，所以需要先启动kubelet服务

systemctl enable kubelet.service --now

五、初始化集群

在master-1主机上进行操作

1、生成初始化默认配置文件

kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml

我们根据自己需求进行修改默认配置文件，我主要更改了一下配置如下：

• advertiseAddress：更改为master的IP地址
• criSocket：指定容器运行时
• imageRepository：配置国内加速源地址
• podSubnet：pod网段地址
• serviceSubnet：services网段地址
• 末尾添加了指定使用ipvs，开启systemd
• nodeRegistration.name：改为当前主机名称

最终初始化配置文件如下：

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:-groups:- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:- signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:advertiseAddress: 16.32.15.200
  bindPort:6443nodeRegistration:criSocket: unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  name: master-1taints:null---apiServer:timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager:{}dns:{}etcd:local:dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.27.0
networking:dnsDomain: cluster.local
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler:{}---apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs
---apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
cgroupDriver: systemd

2、进行初始化

kubeadm init --config=kubeadm.yaml --ignore-preflight-errors=SystemVerification

初始化成功后输出如下内容：

[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.27.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
W0504 22:24:16.508649    4725 images.go:80] could not find officially supported version of etcd for Kubernetes v1.27.0, falling back to the nearest etcd version (3.5.7-0)[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local master-1] and IPs [10.96.0.1 16.32.15.200][certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost master-1] and IPs [16.32.15.200 127.0.0.1 ::1][certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost master-1] and IPs [16.32.15.200 127.0.0.1 ::1][certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file"/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file"/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for"kube-apiserver"[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for"kube-controller-manager"[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for"kube-scheduler"[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest forlocal etcd in"/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
W0504 22:24:34.897353    4725 images.go:80] could not find officially supported version of etcd for Kubernetes v1.27.0, falling back to the nearest etcd version (3.5.7-0)[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 10.002479 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config"in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config"in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master-1 as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers][mark-control-plane] Marking the node master-1 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule][bootstrap-token] Using token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudocp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudochown$(id -u):$(id -g)$HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  exportKUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join16.32.15.200:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:afef55c724c1713edb7926d98f8c4063fbae928fc4eb11282589d6485029b9a6 

3、配置kubectl的配置文件config，相当于对kubectl进行授权，这样kubectl命令可以使用这个证书对k8s集群进行管理

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudocp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudochown$(id -u):$(id -g)$HOME/.kube/config

验证使用可以使用 kubectl 命令

kubectl get nodes

六、Node节点添加到集群

在两台node节点进行操

1、使用以下命令创建并查看token

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

2、在两台node节点执行，注意添加

--cri-socket=

指定cri-dockerd.sock。

kubeadm join16.32.15.200:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef  --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d3d7853ba7691fad218fdfa1027390c7c68e8cf0d3c5033e37170ce00d09901c --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

成功加入到集群如下图：

3、给两台node节点打上标签

master-1主机上执行

kubectl label nodes node-1 node-role.kubernetes.io/work=work
kubectl label nodes node-2 node-role.kubernetes.io/work=work

4、查看集群节点

kubectl get nodes

七、安装网络组件Calico

Calico在线文档地址：

Calico.yaml下载地址：

1、上传calico.yaml文件到服务器中，下面提供calico.yaml文件内容：

在master主机执行

kubectl apply -f  calico.yaml

2、查看集群状态 && 查看自带Pod状态

kubectl get nodes

3、查看组件状态 是否为 Running状态 如下图：

kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide

八、测试CoreDNS解析可用性

1、下载busybox:1.28镜像

docker pull busybox:1.28

2、测试coredns

kubectl run busybox --image busybox:1.28 --restart=Never --rm -it busybox -- sh

If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.

/ # nslookup kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
Server:    10.96.0.10
Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
Address 1: 10.96.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

• 注意：busybox要用指定的1.28版本，不能用最新版本，最新版本，nslookup会解析不到dns和ip