SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ(最新笔记)

SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ

1.生产者SpringBootProducer

1.2 创建工程并导入依赖

我们使用的springboot版本为2.5.6，其他都是根据

spring-boot-starter-parent

自动选择版本

引入以下工程即可

• spring-boot-starter-test 用于测试
• junit 用于单元测试
• spring-boot-starter-amqp SpringBoot和RabbitMQ的整合方案

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.5.6</version><relativePath/></parent><artifactId>springboot-producer</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><properties><maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies></project>

1.2 创建配置文件并配置

SpringBoot配置文件名称为

application.yml

需要配置的内容如下：

# 配置RabbitMQ的基本信息spring:rabbitmq:# 地址host: 192.168.52.128
    # 端口port:5672# 用户名username: admin
    # 密码password: admin
    # 虚拟机virtual-host: /test

1.3 创建项目启动类

@SpringBootApplicationpublicclassProducerApplication{publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args){SpringApplication.run(ProducerApplication.class, args);}}

1.4 创建RabbitMQ配置类

@ConfigurationpublicclassRabbitMQConfig{// 配置代码都写在这里}

（1）设置默认的交换机的名称和队列名称

/**
 * 默认测试的交换机机名称
 * springboot_topic_exchange
 */publicstaticfinalString EXCHANGE_NAME ="springboot_topic_exchange";/**
 * 默认的队列名称
 * springboot_root_queue
 */publicstaticfinalString QUEUE_NAME ="springboot_root_queue";

（2）创建通配符类型的交换机

/**
 * 创建交换机
 *
 * @return 交换机
 */@Bean("bootExchange")publicExchangebootExchange(){// 创建一个通配符的交换机returnExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME).durable(true).build();}

这里需要在bean上加上名称（虽然如果没有时会使用方法名，但是严谨），便于之后交换机和队列绑定操作。

除了通配符交换机外，还支持

广播型交换机

、

定向型交换机

。

• 广播型交换机

@Bean("fanoutExchange")publicExchangefanoutExchange(){returnExchangeBuilder.fanoutExchange("fanout_exchange").durable(true).build();}

• 定向型交换机

@Bean("directExchange")publicExchangedirectExchange(){returnExchangeBuilder.directExchange("direct_exchange").durable(true).build();}

（3）创建一个队列

/**
 * 创建队列
 *
 * @return 队列
 */@Bean("bootQueue")publicQueuebootQueue(){returnQueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_NAME).build();}

（4）绑定交换机和队列

/**
 * 绑定队列和交换机
 * 主要：队列、交换机、routing key
 *
 * @return 绑定关系
 */@BeanpublicBindingbindingQueueExchange(@Qualifier("bootQueue")Queue queue,@Qualifier("bootExchange")Exchange exchange){returnBindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("boot.#").noargs();}

（5）完整配置类

@ConfigurationpublicclassRabbitMQConfig{/**
     * 默认测试的交换机机名称
     * springboot_topic_exchange
     */publicstaticfinalString EXCHANGE_NAME ="springboot_topic_exchange";/**
     * 默认的队列名称
     * springboot_root_queue
     */publicstaticfinalString QUEUE_NAME ="springboot_root_queue";/**
     * 创建交换机
     *
     * @return 交换机
     */@Bean("bootExchange")publicExchangebootExchange(){// 创建一个通配符的交换机returnExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME).durable(true).build();}/**
     * 创建队列
     *
     * @return 队列
     */@Bean("bootQueue")publicQueuebootQueue(){returnQueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_NAME).build();}/**
     * 绑定队列和交换机
     * 主要：队列、交换机、routing key
     *
     * @return 绑定关系
     */@BeanpublicBindingbindingQueueExchange(@Qualifier("bootQueue")Queue queue,@Qualifier("bootExchange")Exchange exchange){returnBindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("boot.#").noargs();}}

1.5 测试发送消息

@SpringBootTest@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)publicclassProducerTest{@AutowiredprivateRabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@TestpublicvoidtestSend(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE_NAME,"boot.name","Spring Boot RabbitMQ");}}

2.消费者SpringBootConsumer

2.1 创建工程并导入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.5.6</version><relativePath/><!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><groupId>com.example</groupId><artifactId>springboot-consumer</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>springboot-consumer</name><description>springboot-consumer</description><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId><artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>

PS:以上依赖是由springboot工程创建完成，和之前手动创建没有本质差别

2.2 创建配置文件并配置

SpringBoot配置文件名称为

application.yml

需要配置的内容如下：

# 配置RabbitMQ的基本信息spring:rabbitmq:# 地址host: 192.168.52.128
    # 端口port:5672# 用户名username: admin
    # 密码password: admin
    # 虚拟机virtual-host: /test

2.3 创建项目启动类

@SpringBootApplicationpublicclassConsumerApplication{publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args){SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);}}

2.3 创建监听器

@ComponentpublicclassRabbitMQListener{@RabbitListener(queues ="springboot_root_queue")publicvoidlistenerQueue(Message message){System.out.println("RabbitMQListener:"+newString(message.getBody()));}}

@RabbitListener

表示当前方法监听对应的队列，并且支持多队列。

2.4 run

控制台如下：

RabbitMQListener:Spring Boot RabbitMQ