web自动化测试（selenium.webdriver）

selenium

https://www.selenium.dev/




https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/
https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/
https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html

Selenium IDE用例录制

https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium-ide/releases
以上都无法下载
看这儿：https://www.likecs.com/show-205155234.html

selenium用例编写

小白入门：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep
classTestBaidu:defsetup(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.maximize_window()# 隐式等待 类似于异步
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(5)defteardown(self):# 退出所有标签
        self.driver.quit()deftest_baidu(self):
        self.driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
        self.driver.find_element(by=By.ID,value='kw').send_keys('爱玛科技')
        self.driver.find_element(by=By.ID,value='su').click()
        self.driver.find_element(by=By.LINK_TEXT,value='爱玛科技[603529]A股实时行情 - 百度股市通').click()
        sleep(2)

selenium三种等待方式

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

classTest_wait:defsetup(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.driver.get('https://www.jd.com/?cu=true&utm_source=baidu-pinzhuan&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=t_288551095_baidupinzhuan&utm_term=0f3d30c8dba7459bb52f2eb5eba8ac7d_0_579fb540a49b4b5fbb41cb802ab375c1')deftest_wait(self):
        self.driver.find_element(by=By.LINK_TEXT, value='京东家电').click()# 一点要穿一个参数进去 无论有没有使用# def wait(x):#     return len(self.driver.find_element(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value='lc-imgarea-base__links-item')) >= 4# WebDriverWait(self.driver,8).until(wait)

        WebDriverWait(self.driver,6).until(expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable([By.CSS_SELECTOR,'.logo']))
        self.driver.find_element(by=By.LINK_TEXT, value='企业购').click()

web控件定位与常见操作

selenium点击与输入

Xpath

Css Selector

web控件的交互进阶

ActionChains

import pytest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains, Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

from time import sleep
classTestAction:defsetup(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)
        self.driver.maximize_window()defteardown(self):
        self.driver.quit()print('结束了！')deftest_case_click(self):
        self.driver.get("http://sahitest.com/demo/clicks.htm")
        element_click = self.driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value="//input[@value='click me']")
        element_dbl = self.driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value="//input[@value='dbl click me']")
        element_rcm = self.driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value="//input[@value='right click me']")
        action = ActionChains(self.driver)
        action.click(element_click)
        action.double_click(element_dbl)
        action.context_click(element_rcm)
        action.perform()
        sleep(3)# @pytest.mark.skipdeftest_case_move(self):
        self.driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
        ele = self.driver.find_element(by=By.ID,value="s-usersetting-top")
        action = ActionChains(self.driver)
        action.move_to_element(ele).perform()
        sleep(3)deftest_case_dragdrop(self):
        self.driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/dragDropMooTools.htm')
        drag_element = self.driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value='//*[@id="dragger"]')
        drop_element = self.driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value='/html//div[3]')
        drop_element2 = self.driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='/html//div[5]')
        drop_element3 = self.driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='/html//div[2]')
        action = ActionChains(self.driver)
        action.drag_and_drop(drag_element,drop_element).perform()
        action.click_and_hold(drag_element).release(drop_element2).perform()
        action.click_and_hold(drag_element).move_to_element(drop_element3).release().perform()
        sleep(3)deftest_case_keys(self):
        self.driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/label.htm')
        ele = self.driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value='/html/body/label[1]/input')
        ele.click()
        action = ActionChains(self.driver)
        action.send_keys("Liang")
        action.send_keys(Keys.SPACE).pause(1)
        action.send_keys("XiaoQii").pause(1)
        action.send_keys(Keys.BACKSPACE).perform()
        sleep(3)if __name__ =='__main__':
    pytest.main()

TouchAction

https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/docs/api/py/webdriver/selenium.webdriver.common.touch_action.html

from selenium import webdriver
# 现在没有这个TouchActions了from selenium.webdriver import TouchActions
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

classtouchAction:defsetup(self):
        option = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
        option.add_experimental_option('w3c',False)
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=option)
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(3)
        self.driver.maximize_window()defteardown(self):
        self.driver.quit()print('结束了！')deftest_TouchAction(self):
        self.driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
        kw = self.driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value='//*[@id="kw"]')
        su = self.driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH,value='//*[@id="su"]')
        kw.send_keys('TouchAction')
        action = TouchActions(self.driver)
        action.tap(su)
        action.perform()
        action.scroll_from_element(kw,0,10000).perform()

但是这个呢 已经用不上了

表单操作

网页frame与多窗口处理

from selenium_base import Base
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from time import sleep

classTest_switch(Base):deftest_switch(self):
        self.driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
        self.driver.find_element(by=self.By.XPATH,value='//*[@id="s-top-loginbtn"]').click()
        register_btn = self.driver.find_element(by=self.By.XPATH,value='//*[@id="TANGRAM__PSP_11__regLink"]')
        action = ActionChains(self.driver)
        action.click(register_btn)
        action.perform()print(self.driver.current_window_handle,self.driver.window_handles)
        window_handles = self.driver.window_handles
        self.driver.switch_to.window(window_handles[-1])print(self.driver.current_window_handle)
        self.driver.find_element(by=self.By.ID,value='TANGRAM__PSP_4__userName').send_keys("LiangAnqi")
        sleep(0.5)
        self.driver.switch_to.window(window_handles[0])
        sleep(5)

frame处理

https://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable

from selenium_base import Base
classTest_Switch(Base):deftest_switch(self):
        self.driver.get('https://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
        self.driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
        drag = self.driver.find_element(by=self.By.ID,value="draggable")
        drop = self.driver.find_element(by=self.By.ID,value="droppable")print(drag.text,drop.text)
        self.driver.switch_to.default_content()print(self.driver.find_element(by=self.By.XPATH,value='//*[@id="submitBTN"]').text)
        self.sleep(3)

selenium 多浏览器处理

但是呢 要在terminal输入：browser=Chrome pytest selenium_test/switch_to_frame.py -s -v

执行javascript脚本

from selenium_base import Base
classTest_Js(Base):deftest_js(self):
        self.driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
        self.driver.execute_script("document.querySelector('#kw').value='selenium测试'")
        self.driver.execute_script("document.querySelector('#su').click()")
        self.driver.execute_script("document.documentElement.scrollTop=10000")
        self.sleep(2)
        self.driver.execute_script("document.querySelectorAll('.page-inner_2jZi2 a')[8].click()")
        self.sleep(5)for code in['return document.title','return JSON.stringify(performance.timing)']:print(self.driver.execute_script(code))

https://www.12306.cn/index/

deftest_12306(self):
        self.driver.get('https://www.12306.cn/index/')
        self.driver.execute_script("a=document.querySelector('#train_date');a.value=''")
        self.sleep(5)

文件上传、弹框处理

https://image.baidu.com

from selenium_base import Base
classTest_Upload(Base):deftest_upload(self):
        self.driver.get('https://image.baidu.com')
        self.driver.find_element(by=self.By.ID,value='sttb').click()
        self.driver.find_element(by=self.By.ID,value='stfile').send_keys('/Users/lianganqi/Desktop/python/img/baidu.jpg')
        self.sleep(8)

from selenium_base import Base
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
classTest_Switch(Base):deftest_switch(self):
        self.driver.get('https://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
        self.driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
        drag = self.driver.find_element(by=self.By.ID,value="draggable")
        drop = self.driver.find_element(by=self.By.ID,value="droppable")
        action = ActionChains(self.driver)
        action.drag_and_drop(drag,drop).perform()
        self.sleep(2)
        self.driver.switch_to.alert.accept()
        self.driver.switch_to.default_content()
        self.driver.find_element(by=self.By.ID,value='submitBTN').click()
        self.sleep(3)

Page Object设计模式

• 公共方法要替代页面的服务
• 不要暴露页面的细节
• 不要在page object中使用断言（assert）
• 方法返回page object
• 不需要表示整个页面
• 同一动作的不同结果被合并为不同的方法

等待

无界面模式

不会打开网页，但是一样能获取到数据。