MySQL报错：The server quit without updating PID file 我的解决思路和方法

今天在学习mysql 二进制日志的时候需要在编辑my.cnf的文件，产生的一系列报错，个人的排错思路和方法，仅供参考。

重启damon、重启mysql 发现报错

Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid).

发现注释这三行配置之后发现可以正常启动，那么问题就出现在这三行代码上

log-bin = mysql-bin
#binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 600
#max_binlog_size = 200M

查询日志发现报错：You have enabled the binary log, but you haven't provided the mandatory server-id. Please refer to the proper server start-up parameters documentation#您已经启用了二进制日志，但是没有提供必需的服务器id。请参考适当的服务器启动参数文档

经过百度发现：MySQL 5.7.3以后版本必须配置server-id，否则无法启用MySQL二进制日志
尝试启动 在my.cnf中添加 server-id = 1 唯一的服务辨识号,数值位于 1 到 2^32-1之间。此值在master和slave上都需要设置。
如果 “master-host” 没有被设置,则默认为1, 但是如果忽略此选项,MySQL不会作为master生效

添加参数，并尝试启动。

发现又报错：Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock'

mysql的连接方式有两种:一种是TCP/IP、一种是socket连接

mysql.sock的作用是程序与mysqlserver处于同一台机器，发起本地连接时可用。
连接localhost通常通过一个Unix域套接字文件进行，一般是/tmp/mysql.sock。
如果套接字文件被删除了，本地客户就不能连接。/tmp 文件夹属于临时文件，随时可能被删除。
每次mysql 启动的时候，都会生成一个mysql.sock 的文件，

socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 建议将sock文件移动至下var/lib/mysql/

尝试重新启动 发现还是报错 Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file

排错：

1. 检查目录权限

2. selinux是否关闭

3. 检查my.cnf参数 port,datadir,basedir,socket 是否配置正常

排错发现是我配置sock目录时候，并没有给予权限

chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/   #设置权限，并查看
ls -alh | grep mysql
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql   mysql      6 Sep 14 16:19 mysql

再次尝试启动mysql 发现还是报错：Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid).

1. tail -f /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.err  /查询MySQL自带的日志文件mysql.err

#发现没有关键错误信息

 2. tail /var/log/messages  #记录了绝大多数的系统日志 

2022-09-15T06:32:03.776090Z 0 [Note] --secure-file-priv is set to NULL. Operations related to importing and exporting data are disabled
2022-09-15T06:32:03.776188Z 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.7.33-log) starting as process 57901 ...
2022-09-15T06:32:03.780168Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available
2022-09-15T06:32:03.780229Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2022-09-15T06:32:03.780253Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
2022-09-15T06:32:03.780278Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
2022-09-15T06:32:03.780411Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11
2022-09-15T06:32:03.780419Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2022-09-15T06:32:03.780605Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
2022-09-15T06:32:03.780695Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2022-09-15T06:32:03.781783Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 128M, instances = 1, chunk size = 128M
2022-09-15T06:32:03.787253Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2022-09-15T06:32:03.789167Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: If the mysqld execution user is authorized, page cleaner thread priority can be changed. See the man page of setpriority().
2022-09-15T06:32:03.800452Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2022-09-15T06:32:03.805695Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
2022-09-15T06:32:03.805865Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
2022-09-15T06:32:03.819123Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.
2022-09-15T06:32:03.820045Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 96 redo rollback segment(s) are active.
2022-09-15T06:32:03.820088Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.
2022-09-15T06:32:03.821153Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2022-09-15T06:32:03.872143Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 5.7.33 started; log sequence number 2980979
2022-09-15T06:32:03.872679Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /usr/local/mysql/data/ib_buffer_pool
2022-09-15T06:32:03.872896Z 0 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
2022-09-15T06:32:03.873741Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 220915 14:32:03
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875555Z 0 [ERROR]** unknown variable 'binlog_expire_logs_seconds=600'**
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875596Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

2022-09-15T06:32:03.875610Z 0 [Note] Binlog end
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875666Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'ngram'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875678Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'partition'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875681Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'BLACKHOLE'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875684Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'ARCHIVE'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875687Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875727Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MRG_MYISAM'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875730Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MyISAM'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875738Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_VIRTUAL'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875741Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875742Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875744Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875745Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875746Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FIELDS'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875748Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875749Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_INDEXES'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875751Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875752Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLES'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875754Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875755Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875757Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_CONFIG'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875758Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875760Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_DELETED'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875761Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875763Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_METRICS'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875764Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875766Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875767Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875769Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875770Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875772Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875773Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875775Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMPMEM'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875777Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_RESET'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875778Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875780Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_LOCK_WAITS'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875781Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_LOCKS'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875782Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_TRX'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875784Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'InnoDB'
2022-09-15T06:32:03.875854Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2022-09-15T06:32:03.876196Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2022-09-15T06:32:03.976840Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Dumping buffer pool(s) to /usr/local/mysql/data/ib_buffer_pool
2022-09-15T06:32:03.977146Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) dump completed at 220915 14:32:03
2022-09-15T06:32:05.488923Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 2980998
2022-09-15T06:32:05.490187Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Removed temporary tablespace data file: "ibtmp1"
2022-09-15T06:32:05.490231Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MEMORY'
2022-09-15T06:32:05.490243Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'CSV'
2022-09-15T06:32:05.490246Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'
2022-09-15T06:32:05.490248Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_password'
2022-09-15T06:32:05.490337Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'binlog'
2022-09-15T06:32:05.490478Z 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

发现关键字 unknown variable 未知的变量 binlog_expire_logs_seconds

我照着视频里面的单词一个个敲，不是我敲错。尝试寻找度娘

在mysql 8.0版本中新增了binlog_expire_logs_seconds，该参数表示binlog的失效日期单位秒。
8.0之前的版本，binlog的失效日志用expire_logs_days来配置，单位是天。

参考链接：mysql 8 新特性之binlog_expire_logs_seconds - 墨天轮​​​​​​

因为我是学习了8.0和5.7版本的Mysql都有在学习，win端使用的是8.0 linux安装的是5.7

所以是我mysql版本的问题导致。更改参数

[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql  
# 创建目录
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data   
# 数据库目录
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid 
# mysql进程
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.err   
# 错误日志
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# 可以socket文件方式登录mysql
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/bin-log/mysql-bin.log
server-id = 1
#binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 600
max_binlog_size = 200M
#Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links = 0
#禁止符号链接以防各种安全风险
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

# [mysqld_safe]

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

再再再再次尝试启动MySQL

[root@master lib]# ps -aux | grep mysql
root      53523  0.0  0.0 108096   620 pts/1    S+   14:00   0:00 tail -f /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.err
root      54867  0.0  0.0  11820  1612 pts/0    S    14:05   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
mysql     55106  1.1  2.2 1145048 176116 pts/0  Sl   14:05   0:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --port=3306
root      55162  0.0  0.0 112816   976 pts/0    S+   14:05   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@master lib]# netstat -anptu | grep :3306
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      55106/mysqld   

尝试登录MySQL 发现又报错：错误2002 (HY000):无法通过套接字'/tmp/ MySQL连接到本地MySQL服务器

[root@master lib]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)

ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock #设置软连接

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| atguigudb          |
| #mysql50#bin-log   |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test               |
| test_u             |
+--------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

登录成功！！！ 继续继续MySQL！！！冲