7. Selenium其它功能
7.1 Action Chains 动作链功能
WebDriver只能模拟针对特定元素的click, send_keys 操作，无法执行鼠标移动、悬浮、按键，选择菜单等操作，需要通过 Action Chains 类来操作
如下面操作，打开主菜单项后，再点击弹出的子菜单项
menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav # submenu1")
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(menu).click(hidden_submenu).perform()
也可以将多个动作排队，最后再执行
menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav # submenu1")
actions = ActionChains(driver)
actions.move_to_element(menu)
actions.click(hidden_submenu)
actions.perform()
Selenium Python动作链支持的操作
可以使用动作链执行大量操作，例如单击，右键单击等。以下是动作链中使用的重要方法的列表
MethodDescriptionclickClicks an element.click_and_holdHolds down the left mouse button on an element.context_clickPerforms a context-click (right click) on an element.double_clickDouble-clicks an element.drag_and_dropHolds down the left mouse button on the source element, then moves to the target element and releases the mouse button.drag_and_drop_by_offsetHolds down the left mouse button on the source element, then moves to the target offset and releases the mouse button.key_downSends a key press only, without releasing it.key_upReleases a modifier key.move_by_offsetMoving the mouse to an offset from current mouse position.move_to_elementMoving the mouse to the middle of an element.move_to_element_with_offsetMove the mouse by an offset of the specified element, Offsets are relative to the top-left corner of the element.performPerforms all stored actions.pausePause all inputs for the specified duration in secondsreleaseReleasing a held mouse button on an element.reset_actionsClears actions that are already stored locally and on the remote endsend_keysSends keys to current focused element.
7.2 Alert 告警提示窗口相关操作
Selenium中的告警窗是一个小消息框，出现在屏幕上，为用户提供一些信息或通知。它通知用户一些特定信息或错误，请求执行某些任务的权限，还提供警告消息。
Alert 告警窗口的类型
1） 简单告警窗
主要用于显示一些信息
2）输入型提示窗
此类告警空会询问用户的一些输入，Selenium 网络驱动程序可以使用 sendkeys（“ input…").
3) 确认窗口
提供几个操作选项，供用户选择
编程步骤
1）每当触发警报时，网页上都会出现一个弹出窗口。控件仅保留在父网页中。因此，Selenium Webdriver 的第一个任务是将焦点从父页面切换到警报弹出窗口。可以使用以下代码片段完成此操作。
alert_obj = driver.switch_to.alert
2 ) 控件移动到弹出窗口后，我们可以使用推荐的方法对其执行不同的操作。
alert_obj.accept() – 用于接受提示窗口
alert_obj.dismiss() – 用于取消提示窗口
alert.send_keys() – 向提示窗口文本输入框输入内容
alert.text() – 获取提示信息
处理简单告警窗口
简单告警窗上有一条消息和一个“确定”按钮。当它弹出时，用户单击“确定”按钮接受它。
这是HTML代码，它将在单击主页上的“创建告警”按钮时生成简单告警
Simple_Alert.html
<!DOCTYPEhtml><html><bodybgcolor="#C0C0C0"><h1>
Simple Alert Demonstration</h1><p>
click the Below Button to create an Alert</p><buttononclick="alertFunction()"name="alert"> Create Alert</button><script>functionalertFunction(){alert("Hi!, I am a Simple Alert. Please Click on the 'OK' Button.");}</script></body></html>
下面是selenium处理代码
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.maximize_window()
location ="file://<Specify Path to Simple_Alert.HTML>"
driver.get(location)#Click on the "Alert" button to generate the Simple ert
button = driver.find_element_by_name('alert')
button.click()#Switch the control to the Alert window
obj = driver.switch_to.alert
#Retrieve the message on the Alert window
msg=obj.text
print("Alert shows following message: "+ msg )
time.sleep(2)#use the accept() method to accept the alert
obj.accept()print(" Clicked on the OK Button in the Alert Window")
driver.close
处理输入提示框
如下提示框：
selenium代码如下：
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.maximize_window()
location ="file://<Specify Path to Prompt_Alert.HTML>"
driver.get(location)#Click on the "employeeLogin" button to generate the Prompt Alert
button = driver.find_element_by_name('continue')
button.click()#Switch the control to the Alert window
obj = driver.switch_to.alert
time.sleep(2)#Enter text into the Alert using send_keys()
obj.send_keys('Meenakshi')
time.sleep(2)#use the accept() method to accept the alert
obj.accept()#Retrieve the message on the Alert window
message=obj.text
print("Alert shows following message: "+ message )
time.sleep(2)
obj.accept()#get the text returned when OK Button is clicked.
txt = driver.find_element_by_id('msg')print(txt.text)
driver.close
版权归原作者 __弯弓__ 所有， 如有侵权，请联系我们删除。