Oracle运维（数据库、监听、重启）

一、概述

二、数据库重启

# su到oracle用户下[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle#重启数据库[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn /as sysdba
# 关闭数据库
SQL>shutdown immediate
# 数据库启动
SQL> startup
SQL>exit

shutdown有四个参数，四个参数的含义如下：

1. Normal 需要等待所有的用户断开连接
2. Immediate 等待用户完成当前的语句
3. Transactional 等待用户完成当前的事务
4. Abort 不做任何等待，直接关闭数据库

• normal需要在所有连接用户断开后才执行关闭数据库任务，所以有的时候看起来好象命令没有运行一样！在执行这个命令后不允许新的连接
• immediate在用户执行完正在执行的语句后就断开用户连接，并不允许新用户连接。
• transactional 在拥护执行完当前事物后断开连接，并不允许新的用户连接数据库。
• abort 执行强行断开连接并直接关闭数据库。

前三种方式不回丢失用户数据。第四种在不的已的情况下，不建议采用！

经常遇到的问题：

• 权限问题，解决方法，切换到oracle用户
• 没有关闭监听器 ，解决方法：关闭监听器
• 有oracle实例没有关闭，解决办法：关闭oracle实例
• 环境变量设置不全，解决办法：修改环境变量

三、监听

1、常用命令

前提：登录用户有dba权限，能够进行查看

# 查看监听状态[oracle@scorl root]$ lsnrctl status
# 启用监听[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start
# 停掉lsnrctl[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop

# 退出oracle用户[oracle@localhost ~]$ exitlogout[root@localhost ~]#

2、案例

# 查看监听状态[oracle@scorl root]$ lsnrctl status
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0- Production on18-JUL-201914:45:23
 
Copyright (c)1991,2011, Oracle.All rights reserved.
 
Connecting to(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00511: No listener
   Linux Error: 2: No such fileor directory
Connecting to(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=scorl.dyedu.cn)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00511: No listener
   Linux Error: 111: Connection refused

# 启动监听[oracle@scorl root]$ lsnrctl start
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0- Production on18-JUL-201914:45:32
 
Copyright (c)1991,2011, Oracle.All rights reserved.Starting/Database/oraapp/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
 
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0- Production
System parameter fileis/Database/oraapp/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to/Database/oraapp/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/scorl/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=scorl.dyedu.cn)(PORT=1521)))
 
Connecting to(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))STATUSof the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0- Production
StartDate18-JUL-201914:45:32
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr.0 min.17 sec
Trace Leveloff
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File/Database/oraapp/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File/Database/oraapp/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/scorl/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=scorl.dyedu.cn)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "scorl.dyedu.cn" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "scorl",status UNKNOWN, has 1handler(s)for this service...
The command completed successfully

# 停掉lsnrctl[oracle@localhost~]$ lsnrctl stop

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0- Production on22-JAN-201808:00:14

Copyright (c)1991,2009, Oracle.All rights reserved.

Connecting to(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
 The command completed successfully

这个命令会列出Oracle Net Listener的进程

[oracle@localhost ~]$ netstat -antp |grep tnslsnr
 (Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
 tcp 00192.168.241.155:1521 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6407/tnslsnr 
 [oracle@localhost ~]$

四、使用plsql连接

用plsql连接到数据库，tnsnames.ora增加配置

TEST_DB155 =
 (DESCRIPTION =
 (ADDRESS_LIST =
 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.241.155)(PORT = 1521))
 )
 (CONNECT_DATA =
 (SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)
 )
 )

五、更换IP

有一次Linux的ip变了以后，出现了这个

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
 [oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 01-SEP-2018 03:38:08

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
 System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
 Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
 Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
 Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.241.155)(PORT=1521)))
 TNS-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
 TNS-00515: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
 Linux Error: 99: Cannot assign requested address

Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...

进去改了下ip就好了

[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora