因为云服务器升级，需要迁移到新的服务器平台，需要在新的服务器安装mysql，在此记录一下安装流程。

一、下载mysql

1、打开mysql官网，点击download

2、拉到页面最下方，点击

页面跳转之后，继续点击

页面跳转之后，可以下载最新版本的mysql，选择windows或者linux系统。如果需要下载历史版本，需要点击Archives。为了保持跟原系统版本一致，本文下载mysql的5.6.41版本。

页面跳转后，对linux版本，系统版本进行选择

点击Download按钮，下载tar包。

二、安装mysql 的 5.6.41版本

1、传输到linux服务器，解压tar包

2、卸载服务器自带的mysql

[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server appadmin]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server appadmin]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server appadmin]#

3、安装openssl-devel插件，因为有些rpm安装包要依赖这个插件。

4、执行rpm安装包

rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-embedded-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-shared-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-test-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

注意保存运行日志，因为在日志里存在临时密码的文件目录：

A random root password has been set. You will find it in '/root/.mysql_secret'.

出现报错：

[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server mysql-5.6.41]# rpm -ivh MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
mariadb-libs is obsoleted by MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.41-1.el7.x86_64

需要执行卸载lib包的命令

yum -y remove mariadb-libs

重新执行报错的命令即可。

5、执行mysql命令

[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server mysql-5.6.41]# service mysqld status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service
Unit mysqld.service could not be found.

出现报错，执行find命令，查找mysql

[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server mysql-5.6.41]# find / -name mysqld
/usr/sbin/mysqld

[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server mysql-5.6.41]# find / -name mysql
/etc/logrotate.d/mysql
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
/var/lib/pcp/config/pmlogconf/mysql
/var/lib/mysql
/var/lib/mysql/mysql
/usr/bin/mysql
/usr/lib64/mysql
/usr/share/mysql
/usr/include/mysql
/usr/include/mysql/mysql

安装的是mysql，所以执行如下命令：

[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server mysql-5.6.41]# service mysql status
ERROR! MySQL is not running

[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server mysql-5.6.41]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

6、登录mysql，修改密码

[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server init.d]# cat /root/.mysql_secret

The random password set for the root user at Thu Oct 26 09:18:34 2023 (local time): egVKiWF

[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server init.d]# mysql -uroot -pegVKiWF

登录之后，将密码修改为123456

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' = password('123456');

7、设置远程登录

mysql> grant all privileges on . to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root' with grant option;
mysql> flush privileges;

8、加入开机启动

[root@enn-hadoop-mysql-server mysql-5.6.41]chkconfig --add mysql

9、如果有防火墙的话，还需要开通3306端口

关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service

对外开放3306端口

firewall-cmd --remove-port=3306/tcp --permanent 或者firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

重启防火墙

firewall-cmd --reload

三、安装mysql 的 5.7.25版本

前边步骤大体一样，安装rpm包的时候需要遵循以下依赖顺序：common ->libs ->client ->server

[root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.2################################# [100%]
[root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-devel-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-devel-5.7.25-1.el################################# [100%]
[root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-embedded-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-embedded-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-embedded-5.7.25-1################################# [100%]
[root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-embedded-compat-5################################# [100%]
[root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.################################# [100%]
[root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
perl(JSON) is needed by mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64

安装test模块出错，提示缺少依赖，那么我们就安装这个依赖：

[root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# yum install perl-JSON

安装完成之后，重新执行test模块

[root@enn-hadoop-cm mysql-5.7.25]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-test-5.7.25-1.el7################################# [100%]

安装完成之后，可以查看配置文件

/etc/my.cnf里可以配置端口号

这个版本的命令有所不同，需要使用以下命令，不再是mysql，而是使用mysqld：

查看状态：systemctl status mysqld.service
重启：systemctl restart mysqld.service
启动：systemctl start mysqld.service
停止：systemctl stop mysqld.service

查看状态：service mysqld status
重启：service mysqld restart
启动：service mysqld start
停止：service mysqld stop

而且在安装的过程中，没有发现临时密码，需要启动mysql之后，才能生成临时密码。

[root@enn-hadoop-cm log]# service mysqld start

[root@enn-hadoop-cm log]# grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2023-10-26T06:18:17.693671Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Qd1H4zpr!AjD

遇到特殊字符的密码，报错

[root@enn-hadoop-cm log]# mysql -u root -pQd1H4zpr!AjD
bash: !AjD: event not found
需要转义

[root@enn-hadoop-cm log]# mysql -u root -pQd1H4zpr!AjD

登录之后，设置密码，远程链接，修改防火墙，与之前一样。