【大数据实时数据同步】超级详细的生产环境OGG(GoldenGate)12.2实时异构同步Oracle数据部署方案(下)

系列文章目录

【大数据实时数据同步】超级详细的生产环境OGG(GoldenGate)12.2实时异构同步Oracle数据部署方案(上)
【大数据实时数据同步】超级详细的生产环境OGG(GoldenGate)12.2实时异构同步Oracle数据部署方案(中)
【大数据实时数据同步】超级详细的生产环境OGG(GoldenGate)12.2实时异构同步Oracle数据部署方案(下)

文章目录

前言

博主所在单位目前使用Oracle GoldenGate将各个业务生产库汇聚到一起做数仓实时ODS平台，源端库可能涉及Oracle、Mysql、达梦、Guassdb库。
之前写过一系列关于GoldenGate异构同步Mysql、Kafka、Kylin、Flink做实时计算的场景文章。但是突然发现，卧槽最最最应该第一个做的Oracle->Oracle的实时异构同步文档竟然没写！
来弥补一下这个空白！！！
好了，扯远了，回归技术！
下面是我给大家的生产环境下，如何部署GoldenGate12C及异构实时同步数据的解决方案。本文主要介绍如何实现实时异构的进行Oracle->Oracle的数据同步，这种数据同步适用于灾备、升级、实时ODS等场景使用。我这里给大家了三个GoldenGate部署方式，看大家喜欢用哪种吧！！
注意：本部署方案分为三章节，三章节的重点分别是：

• GoldenGate12C安装前，数据库层面的准备工作！！！
• 给你GoldenGate12C的三种部署方式，看你喜欢哪种部署方式！！！
• 配置支持DDL操作的实时数据同步！！！

八、配置支持DDL同步操作

在源库执行，根据提示输入ogg管理账户：ogg

[oracle@source ogg12]$ cd $GGHOME
[oracle@source ogg12]$ sqlplus /as sysdba

执行如下脚本：

1、@marker_setup.sql

SQL>@marker_setup.sql

Marker setup script

You will be prompted for the name of a schemafor the Oracle GoldenGate database objects.
NOTE: The schema must be created prior to running this script.
NOTE: Stop all DDL replication before starting this installation.

Enter Oracle GoldenGate schema name:OGG

Marker setup table script complete, running verification script...
Please enter the name of a schemafor the GoldenGate database objects:
Setting schema name to OGG

MARKER TABLE-------------------------------
OK

MARKER SEQUENCE
-------------------------------
OK

Script complete.

2、@ddl_setup.sql

该脚本创建了进行DDL抽取所需要的触发器和包。
主要提示：执行此脚本时，所有发出DDL的会话都必须关闭并重新连接，否则可能会发生错误6508（找不到被调用的程序单元）并且DDL操作可能会失败。这是因为一个已知的Oracle bug＃2747350。
未关闭的DDL会话会以列表的形式显示出来。

3、@role_setup.sql

该脚本删除并且重建DDL同步所需要的角色，它授权管理账户对DDL对象上的DML权限
根据提示执行如下授权操作：

Grant GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE to ogg;

4、@ddl_enable.sql

改脚本创建DDL触发器，以捕获DDL操作，用于向marker和history表插入DDL信息

5、@marker_status.sql

验证ddl安装
如下即正常安装ddl支持

SQL>@marker_status.sql
Please enter the name of a schemafor the GoldenGate database objects:
OGG
Setting schema name to OGG

MARKER TABLE-------------------------------
OK

MARKER SEQUENCE
-------------------------------
OK

九、配置主库到备库同步（支持DDL）

需求：将源端scott用户下的emp,dept 表通过ogg同步到目的端 ，逻辑同生产ODS

1、源端配置

MGR进程配置（源端和目的端都做下面操作，添加的参数也一样）：

GGSCI (source)6> info all    

Program     StatusGroup       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     RUNNING   
GGSCI (source)7> edit params mgr
--加入下面内容
PORT 7809
DYNAMICPORTLIST 7810-7860
AUTORESTART ER *, RETRIES 3, WAITMINUTES 5
PURGEOLDEXTRACTS ./dirdat/*, USECHECKPOINTS, MINKEEPDAYS 30
lagreporthours 1
laginfominutes 30
lagcriticalminutes 60--保存退出后，重启管理进程，让配置生效：
GGSCI (source)8> stop mgr
Manager process is required by other GGS processes.
Are you sure you want to stop it (y/n)?y

Sending STOP request to MANAGER ...
Request processed.
Manager stopped.

GGSCI (source)9>start mgr
Manager started.
GGSCI (source)10> info all

Program     StatusGroup       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     RUNNING           

2、源端新增抽取进程配置

GGSCI (source)12> edit params e_sc    
--加入如下内容：
extract e_sc
userid ogg,password ogg
setenv(NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8)
setenv(ORACLE_SID="orcl")
reportcount every 30 minutes,rate
numfiles 5000
discardfile ./dirrpt/e_sc.dsc,append,megabytes 1000
warnlongtrans 2h,checkinterval 30m
exttrail ./dirdat/sc
dboptions allowunusedcolumn
tranlogoptions archivedlogonly
tranlogoptions altarchivelogdest primary/u01/arch
ddl include mapped
ddloptions addtrandata,report
notcpsourcetimer
nocompressupdates
fetchoptions USEROWID
NOCOMPRESSDELETES
----------scott.EMPtable SCOTT.EMP,tokens(
TKN-CSN =@GETENV('TRANSACTION','CSN'),
TKN-COMMIT-TS =@GETENV('GGHEADER','COMMITTIMESTAMP'),
TKN-OP-TYPE=@GETENV('GGHEADER','OPTYPE'));----------SCOTT.DEPTtable SCOTT.DEPT,tokens(
TKN-CSN =@GETENV('TRANSACTION','CSN'),
TKN-COMMIT-TS =@GETENV('GGHEADER','COMMITTIMESTAMP'),
TKN-OP-TYPE=@GETENV('GGHEADER','OPTYPE'));

3、源端配置投递进程配置

GGSCI (source)13>edit params d_sc
--加入如下内容：
extract d_sc
rmthost 192.168.1.10,mgrport 7809,compress
userid ogg,password ogg
PASSTHRU
numfiles 5000
rmttrail ./dirdat/sc
dynamicresolution
table scott.*;

4、源端增加抽取进程

GGSCI (source)16>add extract e_sc,tranlog,begin now
EXTRACT added.

GGSCI (source)17>add exttrail ./dirdat/sc,extract e_sc,megabytes 500
EXTTRAIL added.

5、源端增加投递进程

add extract d_sc,exttrailsource ./dirdat/sc
add rmttrail ./dirdat/sc,extract d_sc,megabytes 500

6、源端添加表级别附加日志

GGSCI (source)40> dblogin userid ogg,password ogg
Successfully logged intodatabase.

GGSCI (source as ogg@orcl)41>add trandata SCOTT.EMP

Logging of supplemental redo data enabled fortable SCOTT.EMP.
TRANDATA for scheduling columns has been added ontable'SCOTT.EMP'.
TRANDATA for instantiation CSN has been added ontable'SCOTT.EMP'.
GGSCI (source as ogg@orcl)42> 

GGSCI (source as ogg@orcl)42>add trandata SCOTT.DEPT

Logging of supplemental redo data enabled fortable SCOTT.DEPT.
TRANDATA for scheduling columns has been added ontable'SCOTT.DEPT'.
TRANDATA for instantiation CSN has been added ontable'SCOTT.DEPT'.
GGSCI (source as ogg@orcl)43> info trandata SCOTT.EMP

Logging of supplemental redo log datais enabled fortable SCOTT.EMP.Columns supplementally logged fortable SCOTT.EMP: EMPNO.

Prepared CSN fortable SCOTT.EMP: 1108355

7、启动Extract和PUMP进程

GGSCI (source)38>start er *

Sending START request to MANAGER ...
EXTRACT D_SC starting

Sending START request to MANAGER ...
EXTRACT E_SC starting

GGSCI (source)39> info all

Program     StatusGroup       Lag at Chkpt  Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     RUNNING                                           
EXTRACT     RUNNING     D_SC        00:00:0000:00:04    
EXTRACT     RUNNING     E_SC        00:00:0000:00:04

8、目的端编辑REPLICAT进程配置

GGSCI (ogg)1> edit params mgr
---加入下面配置
replicat r_sc
setenv(NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8)
userid ogg,password ogg
reportcount every 30 minutes,rate
reperror default,abend
numfiles 20000
checkpointsecs 40
assumetargetdefs
discardfile ./dirrpt/r_sc.dsc,append,megabytes 1000
allownoopupdates
ddl &
include mapped &
exclude objname scott.*_audit &
exclude optype create&
        objtype 'table'&
exclude optype drop&
        objtype 'table'&
exclude objtype 'index'&
        objname scott.*_his &
exclude instr 'constraint'&--exclude instr 'null' &
exclude instr 'trigger'&
exclude instr 'rename to'&
exclude instr 'grant'&
exclude instr 'revoke'&
exclude instr 'analyze'
ddloptions report
allowduptargetmap
----------EMP
getinserts
getupdates
getdeletes
noupdatedeletes
map SCOTT.EMP,target SCOTT.EMP,keycols(EMPNO),colmap(
usedefaults,
etltime=@DATENOW());
ignoreinserts
ignoreupdates
getdeletes
INSERTDELETES
map SCOTT.EMP,target SCOTT.EMP_HIS,keycols(EMPNO),colmap(
usedefaults,
etltime=@DATENOW());
NOINSERTDELETES
updatedeletes
getinserts
getupdates
getdeletes
map SCOTT.EMP,target SCOTT.EMP_AUDIT,keycols(EMPNO),colmap(
EMPNO=@if(@strfind(@token('tkn-op-type'),'PK UPDATE')>0,before.EMPNO,EMPNO),
csn=@token('tkn-csn'),
optime=@token('tkn-commit-ts'),
optype=@if(@strfind(@token('tkn-op-type'),'PK UPDATE')>0,'DELETE',@token('tkn-op-type')),
inserttime=@eval(@strfind(@token('tkn-op-type'),'INSERT')>0,@token('tkn-commit-ts')),
curdate=@DATENOW());
ignoreinserts
getupdates
ignoredeletes
map SCOTT.EMP,target SCOTT.EMP_AUDIT,keycols(EMPNO),colmap(
usedefaults,
csn=@token('tkn-csn'),
optime=@token('tkn-commit-ts'),
optype=@case(@token('tkn-op-type'),'PK UPDATE','INSERT'),
inserttime=@token('tkn-commit-ts'),
curdate=@DATENOW()),filter(@strfind(@token('tkn-op-type'),'PK UPDATE')>0),insertallrecords;----------DEPT
getinserts
getupdates
getdeletes
noupdatedeletes
map SCOTT.DEPT,target SCOTT.DEPT,keycols(DEPTNO),colmap(
usedefaults,
etltime=@DATENOW());
ignoreinserts
ignoreupdates
getdeletes
INSERTDELETES
map SCOTT.DEPT,target SCOTT.DEPT_HIS,keycols(DEPTNO),colmap(
usedefaults,
etltime=@DATENOW());
NOINSERTDELETES
updatedeletes
getinserts
getupdates
getdeletes
map SCOTT.DEPT,target SCOTT.DEPT_AUDIT,keycols(DEPTNO),colmap(
DEPTNO=@if(@strfind(@token('tkn-op-type'),'PK UPDATE')>0,before.DEPTNO,DEPTNO),
csn=@token('tkn-csn'),
optime=@token('tkn-commit-ts'),
optype=@if(@strfind(@token('tkn-op-type'),'PK UPDATE')>0,'DELETE',@token('tkn-op-type')),
inserttime=@eval(@strfind(@token('tkn-op-type'),'INSERT')>0,@token('tkn-commit-ts')),
curdate=@DATENOW());
ignoreinserts
getupdates
ignoredeletes
map SCOTT.DEPT,target SCOTT.DEPT_AUDIT,keycols(DEPTNO),colmap(
usedefaults,
csn=@token('tkn-csn'),
optime=@token('tkn-commit-ts'),
optype=@case(@token('tkn-op-type'),'PK UPDATE','INSERT'),
inserttime=@token('tkn-commit-ts'),
curdate=@DATENOW()),filter(@strfind(@token('tkn-op-type'),'PK UPDATE')>0),insertallrecords;

9、添加应用进程

GGSCI (ogg)8> dblogin userid ogg,password ogg
Successfully logged intodatabase.

GGSCI (ogg as ogg@ogg)9>ADD CHECKPOINTTABLE ogg.ckpt
Successfully created checkpointtable ogg.ckpt.

GGSCI (ogg as ogg@ogg)10>add replicat r_sc,exttrail ./dirdat/sc checkpointtable ogg.ckpt

10、源端导出emp.dept表并传到目的端应用

10.1、源端通过数据泵导出表

[oracle@source ogg12]$ mkdir /u01/exp--创建目录[oracle@source ogg12]$ sqlplus /as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Sep 2018:34:352018

Copyright (c)1982,2013, Oracle.All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP,Data Mining andReal Application Testing options

SQL>create directory expdir as'/u01/exp';

Directory created.SQL>grantread,writeon directory  expdir to scott;Grant succeeded.SQL>grant dba to scott;--这个权限是为了测试方便所以给的dba权限。生产慎用Grant succeeded.SQL>set num 50SQL>select current_scn from v$database;---查询当前scn

                       CURRENT_SCN
--------------------------------------------------1108836SQL>exit 
Disconnected from Oracle Database11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP,Data Mining andReal Application Testing options

[oracle@source~]$ expdp \' /as sysdba\' directory=EXPDIR dumpfile=expdp_20180920.dmp logfile=expdp_20180920.log tables=SCOTT.EMP,SCOTT.DEPT exclude=ref_constraint flashback_scn=1108836 

Export: Release11.2.0.4.0- Production on Thu Sep 2018:45:472018

Copyright (c)1982,2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP,Data Mining andReal Application Testing options
FLASHBACK automatically enabled to preserve database integrity.Starting"SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=EXPDIR dumpfile=expdp_20180920.dmp logfile=expdp_20180920.log tables=SCOTT.EMP,SCOTT.DEPT exclude=ref_constraint flash
back_scn=1108836 Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 128 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/PROCACT_INSTANCE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
.. exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"5.929 KB       4rows.. exported "SCOTT"."EMP"8.562 KB      14rows
Master table"SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************Dumpfilesetfor SYS.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
  /u01/exp/expdp_20180920.dmp
Job "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at Thu Sep 2018:46:212018 elapsed 000:00:24

10.2、目的端配置导入目录

[oracle@ogg~]$ mkdir /u01/imp
[oracle@ogg~]$ sqlplus /as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Sep 2018:34:242018

Copyright (c)1982,2013, Oracle.All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP,Data Mining andReal Application Testing options

SQL>create directory expdir as'/u01/exp';

Directory created.SQL>create directory impdir as'/u01/imp';

Directory created.SQL>grantread,writeon directory  impdir to scott;Grant succeeded.

10.3、将源端导出的dump文件传到目的端

[oracle@source~]$ scp /u01/exp/expdp_20180920.*192.168.1.10:/u01/imp/
[email protected]'s password: 
expdp_20180920.dmp                                                                                                                                         100%168KB 168.0KB/s   00:00    
expdp_20180920.log    

10.4、目标端导入数据到原表

impdp \' /as sysdba\' directory=IMPDIR dumpfile=expdp_20180920.dmp logfile=expdp_20180920.log

10.5、OGG库审计表数据初始化

createtable SCOTT.EMP_AUDIT
(
  EMPNO   NUMBER(4),
  CSN        NUMBER,
  OPTIME     TIMESTAMP(6),
  OPTYPE     VARCHAR2(20),
  INSERTTIME TIMESTAMP(6),
  CURDATE    TIMESTAMP(6));createtable SCOTT.DEPT_AUDIT
(
  DEPTNO   NUMBER(2),
  CSN        NUMBER,
  OPTIME     TIMESTAMP(6),
  OPTYPE     VARCHAR2(20),
  INSERTTIME TIMESTAMP(6),
  CURDATE    TIMESTAMP(6));insertinto SCOTT.EMP_AUDIT select EMPNO,1108836,sysdate,'INITIAL',sysdate,''from SCOTT.EMP;insertinto SCOTT.DEPT_AUDIT select DEPTNO,1108836,sysdate,'INITIAL',sysdate,''from SCOTT.DEPT;commit;

10.6、OGG库添加ETLTIME字段

---目标表altertable  scott.emp add etltime timestamp;altertable  scott.dept add etltime timestamp;---HIS表altertable  scott.emp_HIS add etltime timestamp;altertable  scott.dept_HIS add etltime timestamp;

10.7、OGG库ETLTIME字段数据初始化

----目标表update scott.emp set etltime=sysdate;update scott.dept set etltime=sysdate;commit;

10.8、OGG库添加索引，防止进程lag过高

CREATEINDEX scott.emp_idx  ON scott.emp_audit(empno);CREATEINDEX scott.dept_idx  ON scott.dept_audit(deptno);

11、启动应用进程

start replicat r_sc aftercsn 1108836

12、验证

12.1、源端操作

[oracle@source~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger

SQL*Plus: Release11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Sep 2019:11:572018

Copyright (c)1982,2013, Oracle.All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP,Data Mining andReal Application Testing options

SQL>altertable dept add test number;Table altered.SQL>insertinto dept values(50,'a','a','1');1row created.SQL>altertable dept dropcolumn test;Table altered.SQL>alter system switch logfile;

System altered.SQL>alter system switch logfile;alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

12.2、目的端查看

看一下日志，DDL也正常应用了：

2018-09-2019:00:49  INFO    OGG-06510Using the followingkeycolumnsfor target table SCOTT.DEPT_AUDIT: DEPTNO.2018-09-2019:00:49  INFO    OGG-03010  Performing implicit conversion ofcolumndatafromcharacterset UTF-8to zhs16gbk.2018-09-2019:00:49  INFO    OGG-00482  DDL found, operation [altertable dept dropcolumn test  (size 34)].2018-09-2019:00:49  INFO    OGG-00489  DDL isof mapped scope,after mapping new operation [altertable"SCOTT"."DEPT"dropcolumn test  (size 44)].2018-09-2019:00:49  INFO    OGG-00487  DDL operation included [include mapped], optype [ALTER], objtype [TABLE], objowner [SCOTT], objname [DEPT].2018-09-2019:00:49  INFO    OGG-01407  Setting currentschemafor DDL operation to[SCOTT].2018-09-2019:00:49  INFO    OGG-00484  Executing DDL operation.2018-09-2019:00:50  INFO    OGG-00483  DDL operation successful.2018-09-2019:00:50  INFO    OGG-01408  Restoring currentschemafor DDL operation to[OGG].2018-09-2019:00:50  INFO    OGG-00489  DDL isof mapped scope,after mapping new operation [altertable"SCOTT"."DEPT_HIS"dropcolumn test  /* GOLDENGATE_DDL_REPLICATION */(size 81)].2018-09-2019:00:50  INFO    OGG-00487  DDL operation included [include mapped], optype [ALTER], objtype [TABLE], objowner [SCOTT], objname [DEPT_HIS].2018-09-2019:00:50  INFO    OGG-01407  Setting currentschemafor DDL operation to[SCOTT].2018-09-2019:00:50  INFO    OGG-00484  Executing DDL operation.2018-09-2019:00:50  INFO    OGG-00483  DDL operation successful.2018-09-2019:00:50  INFO    OGG-01408  Restoring currentschemafor DDL operation to[OGG].2018-09-2019:00:50  INFO    OGG-00489  DDL isof mapped scope,after mapping new operation [altertable"SCOTT"."DEPT_AUDIT"dropcolumn test  /* GOLDENGATE_DDL_REPLICATION */(size 83)].2018-09-2019:00:50  INFO    OGG-00488  DDL operation excluded [exclude objname scott.*_audit], optype [ALTER], objtype [TABLE], objowner [SCOTT], objname [DEPT_AUDIT].

总结

我用了三个章节介绍完了生产环境下如何实时异构同步Oracle->Oracle，且其中包括了如何初始化以及增量应该从哪个时间点开始才能够保证数据不重复、不丢失，如果有用到的各位可以作为参考！！！