Python Web 前后端分离 后台管理系统 Django+vue（完整代码）

1.前后端分离的架构

在前后端分离的架构中，前端和后端分别作为独立的项目进行开发和部署。前端项目通过API与后端项目进行通信。

• 前端：使用Vue.js构建用户界面，调用后端提供的RESTful API获取和发送数据。
• 后端：使用Django构建API，处理业务逻辑和数据存储

2.创建django项目及vue项目

创建app的时候需要进入项目的目录下 win10 cd xmmc

django-admin startproject xmmc
django-admin startapp app01

以管理员身份打开命令行界面，进入任意一个想要创建项目的文件夹

vue create vueproject

然后按自己的需求选择，可以去专门搜一下创建vue的教程

3.配置setting

（1）配置数据库

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',  # 加载mysql引擎
        'NAME': 'db_goods',  # 数据库名称
        'USER': 'root',  # mysql账户名
        'PASSWORD': '123456',  # mysql账户密码
        'PORT': 3306,  # 端口号
        'HOST': 'localhost'
    }
}

（2）配置模板文件

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

（3）配置静态文件

STATIC_URL = 'static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]

（4）注册app(使用创建 django-admin startapp app名称)

（5）解决跨域问题

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',  # 跨域，一定要写在第三行
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True
CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS = True

# 允许所有的请求头
CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS = ('*')

4.查看目录结构

web_django/
├── static/
├── templates/
├── user/
│   ├── migrations/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── tests.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   ├── views.py
├── web_django/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── asgi.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   ├── wsgi.py
├── webapp/
│   ├── migrations/
│   ├── views/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── tests.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   ├── views.py

5.前后端实现登录

（1）编写登录的前端（完整代码）

<template>
  <div class="login-background">
    <div class="login-container">
      <el-card class="box-card" style="opacity: 0.9;">
        <h2>登录</h2>
        <el-form
          :model="ruleForm"
          status-icon
          :rules="rules"
          ref="ruleForm"
          label-position="left"
          label-width="70px"
          class="login-form"
        >
          <el-form-item label="用户名" prop="uname">
            <el-input v-model="ruleForm.uname"></el-input>
          </el-form-item>
          <el-form-item label="密码" prop="password">
            <el-input
              type="password"
              v-model="ruleForm.password"
              autocomplete="off"
            ></el-input>
          </el-form-item>
        </el-form>
        <div class="btn-group">
          <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')"
            >登录</el-button
          >
          <el-button @click="resetForm('ruleForm')">重置</el-button>
          <router-link to="/register">
            <el-button style="margin-left:10px">注册</el-button>
          </router-link>
        </div>
      </el-card>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import axios from 'axios';

export default {
  data() {
    return {
      ruleForm: {
        uname: "",
        password: "",
      },
      rules: {
        uname: [
          { required: true, message: "用户名不能为空！", trigger: "blur" },
        ],
        password: [
          { required: true, message: "密码不能为空！", trigger: "blur" },
        ],
      },
    };
  },
  methods: {
    async submitForm(formName) {
      try {
        const response = await axios.post('http://127.0.0.1:8005/user/login/', this.ruleForm);
        // 在这里处理后端响应
        console.log(response.data);
        if (response.data.success) {
          sessionStorage.setItem('username', JSON.stringify(response.data))
          // 登录成功，跳转到 Index 页面
          this.$router.push('/components/News');
        } else {
          // 登录失败，显示错误消息或其他处理
          console.error('登录失败:', response.data.message);
        }
      } catch (error) {
        console.error('提交表单时发生错误:', error);
      }
    },
    resetForm(formName) {
      this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
    },
  },
};
</script>

<style scoped>
.login-background {
  background-image: url('https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-b730c73ebd78bd5f22293aab0d343f4b_r.jpg?source=1940ef5c');
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
}

.box-card {
  width: 400px;
}

.login-form {
  margin: auto;
}

.btn-group {
  margin-top: 20px;
}
</style>

登录效果图

（2）编写登录后端views(视图文件)

from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
import json

def login_view(request):
    # if request.method == 'GET':

    if request.method == 'POST':
        js = request.body.decode('utf8')
        data = json.loads(js)
        username = data['uname']
        password = data['password']

        # 使用 Django 自带的 authenticate 方法验证用户身份
        user = authenticate(request, username=username, password=password)

        if user is not None:
            # 登录成功，将用户添加到当前会话中
            login(request, user)

            print(user)
            return JsonResponse({'code': 200, 'success': True, 'message': '登录成功', 'username': str(user)})
        else:
            # 登录失败，返回错误消息
            return JsonResponse({'code': 500, 'success': False, 'message': '用户名或密码错误', })

    # 如果不是 POST 请求，则返回错误消息
    return JsonResponse({'success': False, 'message': '只支持 POST 请求'})

def register_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # 从请求体中获取JSON数据
        js = request.body.decode('utf8')
        data = json.loads(js)
        print(data)
        username = data['uname']
        password = data['password']

        # 检查用户名是否已经存在
        if User.objects.filter(username=username).exists():
            return JsonResponse({'code': 400, 'success': False, 'message': '用户名已存在'})

        # 创建用户
        user = User.objects.create_user(username=username, password=password)

        # 返回成功消息
        return JsonResponse({'code': 200, 'success': True, 'message': '注册成功', 'username': username})

    # 如果不是 POST 请求，则返回错误消息
    return JsonResponse({'code': 405, 'success': False, 'message': '只支持 POST 请求'})

（3）子视图文件（在user app中创建一个urls）

from . import views

from django.urls import path, re_path

urlpatterns = [
    path('login/', views.login_view, name='login'),
    path('register/', views.register_view, name='register'),
]

（4）在主路由中配置user app（主路由跟setting在同一个文件夹）

6.管理页面的前后端完整代码

（1）管理页面前端代码（业务范围页面）

<template>
  <div>
    <el-row style="height: 50px;">
      <el-col :span="1" class="grid">
        <el-button
          type="success"
          @click="showAddDialog"
          icon="el-icon-circle-plus-outline"
          size="mini"
          round
        >新增</el-button>
      </el-col>
    </el-row>
    <el-dialog title="新增" :visible.sync="addDialogVisible" width="42%">
      <el-form :model="addFormData" :rules="addFormRules" ref="addForm" label-width="120px">
        <el-form-item label="标题" prop="title">
          <el-input v-model="addFormData.title"></el-input>
        </el-form-item>
        <el-form-item label="图片链接" prop="image_url">
          <el-input v-model="addFormData.image_url"></el-input>
        </el-form-item>
        <el-form-item label="内容" prop="content">
          <el-input v-model="addFormData.content"></el-input>
        </el-form-item>
        <el-form-item label="图片详情链接" prop="details_image_url">
          <el-input v-model="addFormData.details_image_url"></el-input>
        </el-form-item>
      </el-form>
      <span slot="footer" class="dialog-footer">
        <el-button @click="addDialogVisible = false">取 消</el-button>
        <el-button type="primary" @click="submitAddForm">确 定</el-button>
      </span>
    </el-dialog>

    <el-dialog title="编辑" :visible.sync="editDialogVisible" width="40%">
      <el-form :model="editFormData" :rules="editFormRules" ref="editForm" label-width="100px">
        <el-form-item label="标题" prop="title">
          <el-input v-model="editFormData.title"></el-input>
        </el-form-item>
        <el-form-item label="图片链接" prop="image_url">
          <el-input v-model="editFormData.image_url"></el-input>
        </el-form-item>
        <el-form-item label="内容" prop="content">
          <el-input v-model="editFormData.content"></el-input>
        </el-form-item>
        <el-form-item label="图片详情链接" prop="details_image_url">
          <el-input v-model="editFormData.details_image_url"></el-input>
        </el-form-item>
      </el-form>
      <span slot="footer" class="dialog-footer">
        <el-button @click="editDialogVisible = false">取 消</el-button>
        <el-button type="primary" @click="submitEditForm">确 定</el-button>
      </span>
    </el-dialog>

    <el-table
      :data="tableData.slice((currentPage-1)*pagesize,currentPage*pagesize)"
      style="width: 100%; margin-top: 10px;"
      border
      stripe
      ref="multipleTable"
      tooltip-effect="dark"
    >
      <el-table-column label="序号" type="index" width="80px" align="center"></el-table-column>

      <el-table-column prop="title" width="100px" label="标题"></el-table-column>
      <el-table-column prop="image_url" width="150px" label="图片链接"></el-table-column>
      <el-table-column prop="content" width="120px" label="内容"></el-table-column>
      <el-table-column prop="details_image_url" label="图片详情链接"></el-table-column>
      <el-table-column width="190px" label="操作">
        <template slot-scope="scope">
          <el-button type="primary" icon="el-icon-edit" size="mini" @click="editBook(scope.row)">编辑</el-button>
          <el-button
            icon="el-icon-delete"
            size="mini"
            type="danger"
            @click="confirmDelete(scope.row)"
          >删除</el-button>
        </template>
      </el-table-column>
    </el-table>

    <div class="pagination">
      <el-pagination
        @size-change="handleSizeChange"
        @current-change="handleCurrentChange"
        :current-page="currentPage"
        :page-sizes="[5, 10, 20, 40]"
        :page-size="pagesize"
        layout="total, sizes,prev, pager, next"
        :total="tableData.length"
        prev-text="上一页"
        next-text="下一页"
      ></el-pagination>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import axios from "axios";
import { MessageBox } from "element-ui";

export default {
  name: "app",
  data() {
    return {
      currentPage: 1, // 默认显示页面为1
      pagesize: 5, // 每页的数据条数
      tableData: [], // 需要 data 定义一些，tableData 定义一个空数组，请求的数据都是存放这里面
      addDialogVisible: false,
      activeIndex2: "1",
      addFormData: {
        title: "",
        image_url: "",
        content: "",
        details_image_url: ""
      },
      addFormRules: {
        title: [{ required: true, message: "请输入标题", trigger: "blur" }],
        image_url: [
          { required: true, message: "请输入图片地址", trigger: "blur" }
        ],
        content: [{ required: true, message: "请输入内容", trigger: "blur" }],
        details_image_url: [
          { required: true, message: "请输入图片详情", trigger: "blur" }
        ]
      },
      editDialogVisible: false,
      editFormData: {
        id: null,
        title: "",
        image_url: "",
        content: "",
        details_image_url: ""
      },
      editFormRules: {
        title: [{ required: true, message: "请输入标题", trigger: "blur" }],
        image_url: [
          { required: true, message: "请输入图片地址", trigger: "blur" }
        ],
        content: [{ required: true, message: "请输入内容", trigger: "blur" }],
        details_image_url: [
          { required: true, message: "请输入图片详情", trigger: "blur" }
        ]
      }
    };
  },
  mounted() {
    this.getData();
  },
  methods: {
    getData() {
      axios.get(" http://127.0.0.1:8005/web_drf/coreBusinessView/").then(
        response => {
          console.log(response.data);
          this.tableData = response.data;
        },
        error => {
          console.log("error");
        }
      );
    },
    handleSizeChange(size) {
      this.pagesize = size;
    },
    handleCurrentChange(currentPage) {
      this.currentPage = currentPage;
    },
    showAddDialog() {
      this.addDialogVisible = true;
    },
    submitAddForm() {
      this.$refs.addForm.validate(valid => {
        if (valid) {
          axios
            .post(
              " http://127.0.0.1:8005/web_drf/coreBusinessView/",
              this.addFormData
            )
            .then(response => {
              console.log("新增成功", response.data);
              this.addDialogVisible = false;
              this.getData();
              this.addFormData = {
                title: "",
                image_url: "",
                content: "",
                details_image_url: ""
              };
            })
            .catch(error => {
              console.error("新增失败", error);
            });
        }
      });
    },
    confirmDelete(book) {
      MessageBox.confirm("确定删除该条记录吗？", "提示", {
        confirmButtonText: "确定",
        cancelButtonText: "取消",
        type: "warning"
      })
        .then(() => {
          this.deleteBook(book);
        })
        .catch(() => {
          // 取消删除操作
        });
    },
    deleteBook(book) {
      const url = ` http://127.0.0.1:8005/web_drf/coreBusinessView/${book.id}/`;
      console.log(book.id);
      axios
        .delete(url)
        .then(response => {
          console.log("删除成功");
          this.getData();
        })
        .catch(error => {
          console.error("删除失败", error);
        });
    },
    editBook(book) {
      this.editFormData = { ...book };
      this.editDialogVisible = true;
    },
    submitEditForm() {
      this.$refs.editForm.validate(valid => {
        if (valid) {
          const url = ` http://127.0.0.1:8005/web_drf/coreBusinessView/${this.editFormData.id}/`;
          axios
            .put(url, this.editFormData)
            .then(response => {
              console.log("编辑成功", response.data);
              this.editDialogVisible = false;
              this.getData();
            })
            .catch(error => {
              console.error("编辑失败", error);
            });
        }
      });
    }
  }
};
</script>

<style>
.pagination {
  margin-top: 20px;
  text-align: center;
}
</style>

业务范围管理页面效果图

（2）业务范围管理系统后端代码views

from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework import serializers

from webapp.models import CoreBusiness

class coreBusinessSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = CoreBusiness
        fields = '__all__'

class coreBusinessView(APIView):

    def get(self, request):
        coreBusiness = CoreBusiness.objects.all()
        ser = coreBusinessSerializers(instance=coreBusiness, many=True)
        print(ser.data)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self, request):
        ser = coreBusinessSerializers(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            CoreBusiness.objects.create(**ser.validated_data)
            return Response(ser.validated_data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

class coreBusinessdetailview(APIView):
    def get(self, request, pk):
        coreBusiness = CoreBusiness.objects.get(pk=pk)
        ser = coreBusinessSerializers(instance=coreBusiness, many=False)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def put(self, request, pk):
        ser = coreBusinessSerializers(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            CoreBusiness.objects.filter(pk=pk).update(**ser.validated_data)
            return Response(ser.validated_data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        CoreBusiness.objects.get(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response('删除成功')

（3）配置子路由

（4）在主路由中配置该app（主路由跟setting在同一个文件夹）

7.创建数据库表

在任意一个models中都可以创建数据库表

from django.db import models

# 联系我们表
class Contact(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    company_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='公司名称')
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='电话')
    address = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name='地址')
    email = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name='邮箱')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'contact'

创建表完成之后进行数据库的迁移，在项目的根目录下的控制台进行

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

8.启动vue项目

npm run dev

9.打开浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/#/user/login/ 即可登录